Sence of Agency: Concept, Structure, Assessment

In recent years, the sense of agency has been the subject of interest for researchers in psychology, economics, sociology, political science, and education. To psychologically measure this phenomenon, Adam Tapal and his colleagues developed and validated the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS). The aim of this study was to adapt the Russian version of the SoAS. The participants were 224 volunteers recruited through the online services.. Besides the Russian SoAS, all respondents completed instruments measuring general self-efficacy, locus of control, and belief in freedom/determinism. To analyze the psychometric properties of the Russian SoAS, methods of descriptive statistics, correlational and confirmatory factor analyses, and ω-MacDonald coefficients were used. The Russian SoAS has a clear two-factor structure, is reliable (ω = 0,81 for the sense of positive agency scale and ω = 0,87 for the sense negative agency scale), and is valid (due to theoretically substantiated relationships between the SoAS scores and the scores of general self-efficacy, locus of control, and belief in freedom/determinism). The adapted scale is reliable and valid, and can be recommended for scientific research and psychodiagnostic surveys of Russian-speaking respondents

Iatrogenic salivary duct injury in head and neck cancer patients: report of four cases and review of the literature

Introduction: The lesions of the salivary ducts may be idiopathic, post- traumatic, or iatrogenic and lead to sialocele formation with persistent painful facial swelling or cutaneous fistula formation. No consensus on treatment of this condition exists: the options of treatment include needle aspiration, pressure dressings, antisialogogue therapy, radiotherapy, botulinum toxin and surgical approaches as duct repair, diversion, ligation, different drainage systems and even parotidectomy/submaxilectomy. The management and special features of iatrogenic salivary duct injury in patients with oral cancer who underwent head and neck reconstructive surgery has not been described yet. Material and Methods: We present four cases of iatrogenic lesions of salivary ducts and its management in patients with oral cancer. Conclusions: The iatrogenic lesions of salivary ducts are to be taken into account in patients with oral cancer as the distal ends of salivary ducts could be involved in the margins of surgical resection. Different options of treatment of this complication are described