Wissenschaftsgeschichte, rationale Rekonstruktion und die Begründung von Methodologien

Carrier M. Wissenschaftsgeschichte, rationale Rekonstruktion und die Begründung von Methodologien. Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie. 1986;17(2):201-228.The paper exposes the principal procedures of assessing methodological theories. The first one is based on a consensus about the aims of science, the second uses epistemological criteria, and the third checks the adequacy of methodological requirements against the history of science. This third procedure (Lakatos' rational reconstruction) is singled out for a more detailed treatment. It is argued that rational reconstruction constitutes a separate level of historiography (distinct from the interpretation of a scientist's thinking and the study of reception of ideas) and concerns historical explanation. The subject of a rational reconstruction is the methodological explanation ofall basic value judgments, whereas all additional factors (such as an individual scientist's choice between competing theories or his motives for this choice) are not determined by methodological rules. It is further specified in which way rationally reconstructed history should correspond to the actual course of historical events, i. e. to which extent rational reconstruction is free to interpret history according to methodological categories. In the last paragraph the connection between scientific progress and the growth of knowledge is discussed