35 research outputs found
Put your own “oxygen mask” on first: A behavioral typology of leaders' self-care
OnlinePublOrganizational leaders are essential in implementing, interpreting, and even proactively initiating changes for human resource (HR) functions to enhance workplace productivity and well-being. However, recent studies have cautioned that providing positive and supportive leadership usually drains these organizational leaders. Although the literature has shed light on how leaders can use self-care strategies to recharge, researchers and HR professionals know relatively little about (1) what specific self-care actions leaders can take and (2) how external crises such as COVID-19 constrain leaders' selfcare actions. To identify specific leaders' self-care behaviors, which we refer to as oxygen masks, we interviewed 41 healthcare managers in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We presented a behavioral typology summarizing distinct oxygen masks that leaders used at different points in time. These oxygen masks include improving physical well-being, improving emotional/spiritual/social well-being, fulfilling managerial roles, and seeking collegial and organizational support. Moreover, we concluded that the COVID-19 restrictions made some of these oxygen masks less accessible, negatively impacting leaders' well-being. Our research conclusions have implications for theory and future studies on extending the literature associated with leadership development, leaders' resilience, and leaders' well-being. The results also provide HR professionals with practical suggestions about assisting line managers in improving their self-care and sustaining their leadership effectiveness.Chia-Yen Chiu (Chad), Matylda Howard, Edilene Lopes, Carol T. Kulik, Michelle R. Tucke
Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex
Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-userÂżs needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl
Provider Attitudes and Practice Patterns for Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background & Aims: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are effective against hepatitis C virus and sustained virologic response is associated with reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is controversy over the use of DAAs in patients with active or treated HCC and uncertainty about optimal management of these patients. We aimed to characterize attitudes and practice patterns of hepatology practitioners in the United States regarding the use of DAAs in patients with HCC. Methods: We conducted a survey of hepatology providers at 47 tertiary care centers in 25 states. Surveys were sent to 476 providers and we received 279 responses (58.6%). Results: Provider beliefs about risk of HCC recurrence after DAA therapy varied: 48% responded that DAAs reduce risk, 36% responded that DAAs do not change risk, and 16% responded that DAAs increase risk of HCC recurrence. However, most providers believed DAAs to be beneficial to and reduce mortality of patients with complete response to HCC treatment. Accordingly, nearly all providers (94.9%) reported recommending DAA therapy to patients with early-stage HCC who received curative treatment. However, fewer providers recommended DAA therapy for patients with intermediate (72.9%) or advanced (57.5%) HCC undergoing palliative therapies. Timing of DAA initiation varied among providers based on HCC treatment modality: 49.1% of providers reported they would initiate DAA therapy within 3 months of surgical resection whereas 45.9% and 5.0% would delay DAA initiation for 3–12 months and >1 year post-surgery, respectively. For patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), 42.0% of providers would provide DAAs within 3 months of the procedure, 46.7% would delay DAAs until 3–12 months afterward, and 11.3% would delay DAAs more than 1 year after TACE. Conclusions: Based on a survey sent to hepatology providers, there is variation in provider attitudes and practice patterns regarding use and timing of DAAs for patients with HCC. Further studies are needed to characterize the risks and benefits of DAA therapy in this patient population
Diversity initiative effectiveness: What organizations can and cannot expect from diversity recruitment, diversity training, and formal mentoring programs
The multiple category problem: Lateral inhibition in the hiring process
Research has demonstrated that organizational decision makers use categories and
associated stereotypes to make hiring decisions. But what happens when a job
applicant can be categorized in multiple ways? We use the social cognition literature
to develop a model of category activation and inhibition in the hiring process. The
model explains how situational and individual-difference variables influence which
category will dominate the decision maker’s impression of the job candidate and exert
the greatest influence on the hiring decision
The rich get richer: Predicting participation in voluntary diversity training
This research examined whether trainee demographics and pre-training competence predicted
participation in voluntary diversity training. Results indicate that demographic variables had
no impact on interest in training (Study One) or on actual training participation (Study Two).
However, pre-training competence levels had a positive effect on both outcomes. More
competent trainees expressed more interest in additional training (Study One) and were more
likely to attend a voluntary training session (Study Two). The authors suggest that trainees with
low competence in the diversity domain are unaware of their low competence levels and
therefore are not motivated to participate in training programs designed to increase diversity
competence. Implications of these findings for organizations offering voluntary diversity
training are discussed
Individual and environmental factors influencing the use of transfer strategies after diversity training
Change in work behavior is often the primary goal of diversity training, but few
studies have examined transfer of diversity training. In this longitudinal field
study, the authors measured cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning outcomes
after a diversity training program as well as the subsequent use of transfer
strategies on the job. They examined the influence of learning outcomes,
trainee characteristics, and environmental characteristics on the use of transfer
strategies. Trainee race/ethnicity and the work unit transfer climate are the best
predictors of trainees’ transfer strategy use. Among the learning outcomes, skill
learning is the only significant predictor of transfer strategy use