15 research outputs found

    A Comparison of c-C₃H₂ and l-C₃H₂ in the Spiral Arm Clouds

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    Using the IRAM 30-m telescope, we observed molecular absorption lines from c-C₃H₂ produced in diffuse clouds toward the high-mass star forming regions W51 e1/e2 and W49N to determine the abundance ratio between the cyclic and linear isomers of C₃H₂ (N_c/N_l). The abundance ratio is found to be 3-5 in the sources where l-C₃H₂ was previously detected. A possible source of uncertainty in the determination of N_c/N_l is related to the estimate of N(c-C₃H₂). The main goal of this paper is verification of this hypothesis

    A Comparison of c-C₃H₂ and l-C₃H₂ in the Spiral Arm Clouds

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    Using the IRAM 30-m telescope, we observed molecular absorption lines from c-C₃H₂ produced in diffuse clouds toward the high-mass star forming regions W51 e1/e2 and W49N to determine the abundance ratio between the cyclic and linear isomers of C₃H₂ (N_c/N_l). The abundance ratio is found to be 3-5 in the sources where l-C₃H₂ was previously detected. A possible source of uncertainty in the determination of N_c/N_l is related to the estimate of N(c-C₃H₂). The main goal of this paper is verification of this hypothesis

    A Comparison of c-C_3H_2 and I-C_3H_2 in the Spiral Arm Clouds

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    Using the IRAM 30-m telescope, we observed molecular absorption lines from c-C_3H_2 produced in diffuse clouds toward the high-mass star forming regions W51 e1/e2 and W49N to determine the abundance ratio between the cyclic and linear isomers of C_3H_2 (N_c/N_l). The abundance ratio is found to be 3-5 in the sources where l-C_3H_2 was previously detected. A possible source of uncertainty in the determination of N_c/N_l is related to the estimate of N(c-C_3H_2). The main goal of this paper is verification of this hypothesis

    Scaling slowly rotating asteroids with stellar occultations

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    Context. As evidenced by recent survey results, the majority of asteroids are slow rotators (spin periods longer than 12 h), but lack spin and shape models because of selection bias. This bias is skewing our overall understanding of the spins, shapes, and sizes of asteroids, as well as of their other properties. Also, diameter determinations for large (>60 km) and medium-sized asteroids (between 30 and 60 km) often vary by over 30% for multiple reasons. Aims. Our long-term project is focused on a few tens of slow rotators with periods of up to 60 h. We aim to obtain their full light curves and reconstruct their spins and shapes. We also precisely scale the models, typically with an accuracy of a few percent. Methods. We used wide sets of dense light curves for spin and shape reconstructions via light-curve inversion. Precisely scaling them with thermal data was not possible here because of poor infrared datasets: large bodies tend to saturate in WISE mission detectors. Therefore, we recently also launched a special campaign among stellar occultation observers, both in order to scale these models and to verify the shape solutions, often allowing us to break the mirror pole ambiguity. Results. The presented scheme resulted in shape models for 16 slow rotators, most of them for the first time. Fitting them to chords from stellar occultation timings resolved previous inconsistencies in size determinations. For around half of the targets, this fitting also allowed us to identify a clearly preferred pole solution from the pair of two mirror pole solutions, thus removing the ambiguity inherent to light-curve inversion. We also address the influence of the uncertainty of the shape models on the derived diameters. Conclusions. Overall, our project has already provided reliable models for around 50 slow rotators. Such well-determined and scaled asteroid shapes will, for example, constitute a solid basis for precise density determinations when coupled with mass information. Spin and shape models in general continue to fill the gaps caused by various biases

    Antyoksydacyjne właściwości winogron wybranych odmian uprawianych w Polsce

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    Ten grape-vine cultivars (5 white and 5 red skinned) were cultivated in south-east region of Poland. Samples were frozen and for analyzes extracts in 80 % MeOH were prepared. Contains of total phenols, phenylpropanoids, flavonols and anthocyanins were measured, using UV/VIS method. Additionally, radical scavenging activity with DPPH was determind. In red skinned fruits content of phenolic compounds was higher than in white skinned ones. Cultivars showed great diversity: the highest level of phenolics was observed in ‘Heridan’ and the lowest in ‘Bianca’ cultivars. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) was also very high in red grapes, especially in skin (over 90 % of free radical was neutralized). Antioxidant activity of white fruit cultivars was ranged between 9 and 50 % (‘Bianca’ and skin of ‘Jutrzenka’ cultivars, respectively). In analyzed tissue correlation (r = 0.70) between total phenolics and RSA was found.Dziesięć wybranych odmian winogron (5 o białej i 5 o czerwonej skórce) uprawiano w południowo- wschodnim regionie Polski. Z zamrożonych próbek owoców przygotowywano ekstrakty w 80 % metanolu, w których oznaczano sumę związków fenolowych, fenylopropanoidy, flawonole i antocyjany stosując metodę UV/VIS. Ponadto oznaczono zdolnooeć neutralizowania wolnego rodnika za pomocą metody z DPPH. W owocach o czerwonej skórce zawartooeć składników fenolowych była większa niż w owocach o skórce białej. Stwierdzono znaczne zróżnicowanie odmianowe: najwyższy poziom fenoli obserwowano w odmianie Heridan, najniższy w odmianie Bianca. Aktywnooeć antyrodnikowa (RSA) była również bardzo duża w czerwonych winogronach, szczególnie w skórce (ponad 90 % neutralizacji wolnego rodnika). W przypadku odmian o skórce białej aktywnooeć antyoksydacyjna była zawarta w przedziale 9–50 % (Bianca i skórka odmiany Jutrzenka). W analizowanych tkankach stwierdzono dodatnia korelację (r = 0.70) pomiędzy sumą związków fenolowych a RSA

    Selected physical properties of gluteen-free bread with prepared pea flour and buckwheat products

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    Celem pracy była ocena wybranych cech fizycznych chleba bezglutenowego z udziałem mąki grochowej instant i przetworów gryczanych, w porównaniu z handlowymi chlebami bezglutenowymi i tradycyjnym chlebem pszenno-żytnim. Materiał badawczy stanowiły chleby wypieczone z 4 rodzajów koncentratów: dwa doświadczalne z udziałem preparowanej mąki grochowej, mąki gryczanej i otrąb gryczanych oraz, dla porównania, dwa chleby z koncentratów handlowych – bezglutenowy i pszenno-żytni. Ocenie wybranych cech fizycznych poddano też dwa gotowe handlowe chleby bezglutenowe i chleb pszenno-żytni. Po wypieku chlebów otrzymanych z koncentratów określono ich objętość (V100) oraz wyznaczono upiek i całkowitą stratę piecową. We wszystkich produktach określono cechy miękiszu: twardość i ściśliwość (test TPA), porowatość wg skali Dallmana i wilgotność po 3 h, 24 h i 48 h od wypieku. Objętość V100 chlebów z mąką grochową i przetworami gryczanymi była mniejsza niż chlebów otrzymanych z koncentratów handlowych, natomiast upiek, całkowita strata piecowa i porowatość miękiszu nie różniły się istotnie statystycznie. Wilgotność badanych chlebów była charakterystyczna dla poszczególnych rodzajów pieczywa. Po wypieku chleby z mąką grochową i przetworami gryczanymi wykazywały większą twardość i ściśliwość miękiszu niż chleby otrzymane z koncentratów handlowych. Podczas przechowywania obserwowano wolniejsze czerstwienie chlebów doświadczalnych niż handlowego chleba bezglutenowego.The aim of the study was to assess some physical properties of gluten-free bread with instant pea flour and buckwheat products. The research material was four kinds of bread made of dry mixes – two with instant pea flour and buckwheat products (experimental) and two made of commercial mixes – gluten-free and wheat-rye based bread (for comparison). The baking parameters such as the volume of bread (V100), baking loss, total baking loss and porosity were investigated. In addition, some crumb properties – moisture, hardness, and compressibility of those kinds of bread were measured during storage – after 3 h, 24 h and 48 h. Additionally, crumb properties of two commercial ready to eat bread – (gluten-free and wheat-rye) were assessed too. It was found that the volume of the experimental bread was less than the ones made of commercial mixes, but other baking properties were not statistically different. The moisture was characteristic for every kind of studied bread. After baking, both kinds of bread with pea flour and buckwheat products were harder and more compressible than the ones made of commercial mixes, but their staling during storage was slower

    A Comparison of c-C3H2 and l-C3H2 in the Spiral Arm Clouds

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    International audienceUsing the IRAM 30-m telescope, we observed molecular absorption lines from c-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> produced in diffuse clouds toward the high-mass star forming regions W51 e1/e2 and W49N to determine the abundance ratio between the cyclic and linear isomers of C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> (N<SUB>c</SUB>/N<SUB>l</SUB>). The abundance ratio is found to be 3-5 in the sources where l-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> was previously detected. A possible source of uncertainty in the determination of N<SUB>c</SUB>/N<SUB>l</SUB> is related to the estimate of N(c-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>). The main goal of this paper is verification of this hypothesis

    Changes in the antioxidant activity of 'Red Kidney' bean seeds [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] owing to various hydrothermal processing methods applied

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    Celem badań było prześledzenie zmian właściwości przeciwutleniających nasion fasoli ‘Red Kidney’, podczas ich obróbki hydrotermicznej, związanej z przetwarzaniem nasion na mąkę instant, z zastosowaniem gotowania, parowania pod ciśnieniem i ekstruzji. W suchych nasionach i po kolejnych etapach obróbki hydrotermicznej oznaczano zawartość polifenoli oraz aktywność przeciwutleniającą metodami z ABTS i DPPH. Przeprowadzono też analizę sensoryczną uzyskanych mąk instant. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie procesy przetwarzania nasion na mąkę powodowały zmniejszenie zawartości polifenoli oraz obniżenie aktywności przeciwutleniającej w produktach finalnych. Najmniejsze straty, wynoszące około 20–25% w stosunku do surowca, obserwowano w procesie ekstruzji. Właściwości przeciwutleniające mąk instant, otrzymanych metodami gotowania i parowania były porównywalne. Najatrakcyjniejsza sensorycznie okazała się mąka uzyskana metodą parowania.The objective of the paper was to follow through changes in the antioxidant properties of ‘Red Kidney’ beans during their hydro-thermal processing: boiling, autoclaving, and extrusion, connected with converting bean seeds into instant flour. The content of total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity were determined in raw seeds and after the successive stages of hydro-thermal processing with the use of ABTS and DPPH methods. Furthermore, a sensory analysis of the instant flour types produced was carried out. It was found that all the processing procedures of converting seeds into flour caused the content of polyphenols to decrease and the antioxidant activity in the final products to drop. The smallest losses were observed during the process of extrusion and amounted to approx. 20–25% compared to the raw material. The antioxidant properties of instant flour types produced using boiling or autoclaving were comparable. The flour type produced using autoclaving turned out to show the most attractive sensory attributes among all other flour products

    Effect of extrusion on antioxidant activity of selected legume seeds

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    Celem pracy była ocena wpływu ekstruzji na aktywność przeciwutleniającą suchych nasion roślin strączkowych. Badano całkowitą zawartość polifenoli i aktywność przeciwutleniającą nasion wybranych odmian: grochu Ramrod (Pisum sativum L.), fasoli białej Jaś Karłowy i kolorowej Red Kidney (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) przed i po procesie ich ekstruzji. Najwyższą zawartość polifenoli oraz aktywność przeciwutleniającą stwierdzono zarówno w nasionach, jak i ekstrudatach z fasoli kolorowej ‘Red Kidney’. W ekstrudatach z tej fasoli zawartość związków fenolowych uległa zmniejszeniu o około 20%, a aktywność przeciwutleniająca mierzona metodami z DPPH i ABTS była niższa odpowiednio o 21 i 25% w stosunku do surowca wyjściowego. Całkowita zawartość polifenoli i aktywność przeciwutleniająca suchych nasion fasol białej i grochu była 5-8 razy niższa w porównaniu z fasolą kolorową, a jednocześnie proces ich ekstruzji nie wpłynął na poziom badanych parametrów w uzyskanych ekstrudatach. Stwierdzono, że fasola kolorowa i jej ekstrudaty są lepszym źródłem przeciwutleniaczy i wykazują wyższą aktywność przeciwutleniającą niż groch i fasola biała.The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of extrusion on antioxidant properties of dry seeds of legume plants. The content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in seeds of selected varieties of pea, white and coloured beans were investigated before and after their extrusion. The highest content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity was noted in coloured bean Red Kidney, both in the seeds and in the extrudates. In the extrudates obtained from this variety of bean the content of phenolic compounds decreased by 20% and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and ABTS methods was lower 21 i 25% respectively, in relation to the raw material. The total content of polyphenols and antioxidant in dry seeds of white bean and pea was 5-8-times lower, compared to coloured bean, and yet extrusion of them had no effect on antioxidant properties of obtained extrudates. The results showed the coloured bean and its extrudates are a better source of antioxidants and antioxidant activity than pea and white bean

    A Comparison of c-C3H2 and l-C3H2 in the Spiral Arm Clouds

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    International audienceUsing the IRAM 30-m telescope, we observed molecular absorption lines from c-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> produced in diffuse clouds toward the high-mass star forming regions W51 e1/e2 and W49N to determine the abundance ratio between the cyclic and linear isomers of C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> (N<SUB>c</SUB>/N<SUB>l</SUB>). The abundance ratio is found to be 3-5 in the sources where l-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB> was previously detected. A possible source of uncertainty in the determination of N<SUB>c</SUB>/N<SUB>l</SUB> is related to the estimate of N(c-C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>). The main goal of this paper is verification of this hypothesis
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