International Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Responses

Chapter 01. Introduction Chapter 02. The Evolution of COVID-19 and Policy Responses of Korea: Adaptation and Learning Perspectives Chapter 03. Japan’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cautious and Self-restraint-based Approach Chapter 04. Thailand’s Response to COVID-19 Chapter 05. Beyond Regime Types: Local Governance, Bureaucratic Coordination, and COVID-19 Responses in Vietnam Chapter 06. Aotearoa New Zealand’s Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Chapter 07. COVID-19 Responses in Finland: Uneven, Fairly Effective, and Craving to Return to the Normal Chapter 08. Crisis Governance in a Multilevel System: German Public Administration Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic Chapter 09. Sweden and the COVID-19 Crisis Chapter 10. Science, Uncertainty, and Partisanship: The United States’ Response to COVID-19 Chapter 11. Summary and Discussions for Policy Implication

The motivations for the adoption of management innovation by local governments and its performance effects

This article analyses the economic, political and institutional antecedents and performance effects of the adoption of shared Senior Management Teams (SMTs) – a management innovation (MI) that occurs when a team of senior managers oversees two or more public organizations. Findings from statistical analysis of 201 English local governments and interviews with organizational leaders reveal that shared SMTs are adopted to develop organisational capacity in resource‐challenged, politically risk‐averse governments, and in response to coercive and mimetic institutional pressures. Importantly, sharing SMTs may reduce rather than enhance efficiency and effectiveness due to redundancy costs and the political transaction costs associated with diverting resources away from a high‐performing partner to support their lower‐performing counterpart

Effects of SHIP2 knockdown in MTLn3 cells

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-57).In metastatic cancer, cells must be able to migrate from their original environment, move through the blood or lymphatic system, and colonize a distant organ. Mena, a member of the Ena/VASP family of proteins, is upregulated in invasive populations of breast cancer cells. The Ena/VASP (enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) family of proteins regulate both the geometry and dynamics of actin filament networks. Mena specifically is alternatively spliced with an invasive isoform, MenaINV, upregulated in metastastic cells, while an epithelial isoform, Menalla, is downregulated. SH2- domain containing 5-inositol phosphatase (SHIP2) interacts with Mena and is thought to play a role in breast cancer. SHIP2 is a 5-phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P 3) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) as well as the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2). PI(3,4,5)P 3 and P][(4,5)P 2 are two major phosphoinositides at the plasma membrane and regulate a variety of cellular functions, including receptor signaling, membrane-cytoskeleton interactions and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here I have looked at the effects of knocking down SHIP2 in the MTLn3 cell line, a metastatic rat breast carcinoma line. I found that when SHIP2 is knocked down in cells, there is an increase in membrane protrusion upon stimulation with EGF, and that recruitment of Mena to the leading edge is enhanced, implying that this increase in protrusion may be due to a change in Mena localization.by Georgiana L. Kuhlmann.S.M