59 research outputs found
A Process and Outcome Evaluation of a Shelter for Homeless Young Women
To evaluate the processes and outcomes of a short-term shelter, both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered via participant observation, focus group interviews with shelter staff and residents, and individual interviews with a sample of 40 young women who had been homeless prior to using the shelter. The process evaluation showed that the shelter staff strived to utilize an empowerment philosophy in their relationships with residents, but that there were many challenges to implementing this philosophy. The outcome evaluation showed that, at a 3-month follow-up, the participants reported significant improvements in housing, income, independence, and life satisfaction, but most continued to experience poverty and a number of other difficulties. The results were discussed in terms of the implications for future research and the value and limitations of shelters for dealing with homeless youth. The need for more sustained and comprehensive program interventions and supportive social policies was underscored
The needs of foster children and how to satisfy them:A systematic review of the literature
Family foster care deeply influences the needs of children and how these are satisfied. To increase our knowledge of foster children’s needs and how these are conceptualized, this paper presents a systematic literature review. Sixty- four empirical articles from six databases were reviewed and categorized (inter-rater agreement K = .78) into four categories: medical, belongingness, psychological and self-actualization needs. The results give a complete overview of needs that are specific to foster children, and what can be implemented to satisfy these needs. This study shows psychological needs are studied more often compared to the other categories, which specially relates to much attention for mental health problems. Furthermore, most articles focus on how to satisfy the needs of foster children and provide no definition or concrete conceptualization of needs. Strikingly, many articles focus on children’s problems instead of their needs, and some even use these terms interchangeably. This review illustrates that future research should employ a proper conceptualization of needs, which could also initiate a shift in thinking about needs instead of problems
Prevalence and distribution of diabetes mellitus in a maximum care hospital: Urgent need for HbA(1c)-screening.
Objective Diabetes mellitus affects almost one in 10 individuals in Germany. So far, little is known about the diabetes prevalence in maximum care hospitals. We assessed the diabetes prevalence, proportion of undiagnosed cases, the effectiveness of diabetes screening in a university hospital, the consequences for hospital stay and acquired complications. Research Design and Methods Over a 4 week period we determined HbA(1c) from 3 733 adult patients which were hospitalized at the university hospital of Tuebingen and had an available blood sample. Diabetes diagnosis was defined as HbA(1c) >= 6.5 % and/or previously documented diabetes diagnosis, prediabetes was defined as HbA1c >= 5.7% and < 6.5 % without history of previous diabetes. Results 23.68 % of the patients had prediabetes and 22.15 % had diabetes with a high variation between the specialised departments (range 5-43 %). The rate of unknown diabetes was 3.7 %, the number needed to screen was 17 in patients older than 50 years. Patients with diabetes had a prolonged hospital stay compared to the mean length of stay for their diagnosis related group (diabetes: 1.47 +/- 0.24 days; no diabetes: -0.18 +/- 0.13 days, p = 0.0133). The prevalence of hospital acquired complications was higher in diabetic patients (diabetes: 197 of 630; no diabetes: 447 of 2 459, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Every fourth patient in the university hospital had diabetes and every second had either prediabetes or diabetes. It is also worthwhile to screen for unknown diabetes in patients over the age of 50. The high prevalence and negative consequences of diabetes require screening and intensified specialized diabetes treatment in hospitals
The continuous downgrading of malnutrition in the German DRG system
It has been internationally recognized that malnutrition is
an independent risk factor for patients' clinical outcome.
A new mandatory
fixed price payment system based on diagnosis-related groups
(G-DRG) went into effect in
2004. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the importance of carefully coding the secondary diagnosis of
"malnutrition" in the G-DRG system and to highlight how the economic relevance of malnutrition in the G-DRG
system has changed from 2014 to 2016. 1372 inpatient
s at the Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik (Trauma
Center) in TĂĽbingen were screened for the risk of malnutrition using Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002).
Patient data were compared with the NRS values collected during the study and a case simulation was carried out
separately for each year. We used the codes E44.0 fo
r NRS = 3 and E43.0 for NRS > 3. The ICD codes were
entered as an additional secondary diagnosis in the in
ternal hospital accounting system DIACOS to determine
possible changes in the effective weight. In 2014 the highest additional revenue by far was calculated by coding
malnutrition. For the 638 patients enrolled in the study in 2014, we were able to calculate an average additional
revenue per patient coded with malnourishment of €107.
In 2016, we were unable to calculate any additional
revenue for the 149 patients enrolled. Although it is well known
that malnutrition is an independent risk factor for
poor patient outcomes, nationwide screening for a risk of
malnutrition when patients are admitted to a hospital is
still not required. For this reason, malnutrition in German
hospitals continues to be insufficiently documented
.
Due to the continuous downgrading of diagnosis-related se
verity (CCL) of malnutrition in the G-DRG system in
trauma surgery patients, it is no longer possible to refi
nance the costs incurred by malnourished patients through
the conscientious coding of malnutrition. We assume that
the indirect positive effects of nutritional interventions
will have to be taken into account more in the costing calculations and possibly lead to indirect cost compensation
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