Competitive response to radical product innovations

Radical product innovations are often agents of creative destruction. They threaten to destroy existing market positions, and yet they often yield vast new market opportunities. This article examines how competitors respond to the introduction of radical product innovations. The authors argue that competitive response to radical product innovations is inherently different from response to the incremental innovations that are typically studied in existing research. They introduce the dual concepts of market expansion and entry thresholds to develop new hypotheses about competitive response. Some of these hypotheses contradict prior literature. Using objective data from the U.S. pharmaceutical industry between 1997 and 2001, they estimate a shared-frailty hazard model to explain the competitive response to radical product innovations. The results show that the likelihood of competitive response is substantially higher when the introducing firm is large or market dependent. Moreover, the response is highest when the innovation is introduced in a small market by a large firm. These results contradict those from much prior research on competitive response to product innovation

Bose-Einstein correlations in deep inelastic e p scattering at HERA

Two-particle correlations in invariant mass are studied separately for like-sign and unlike-sign charged particles produced in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering in a new kinematical domain. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the HERA storage ring in 1994, in which 27.5 GeV positrons collided with 820 GeV protons at a centre of mass energy sqrt{s}=300 GeV. The observed enhancement of the like-sign correlations at low invariant masses is related to the dimensions of the hadronic source. The data are compared to different QCD models where the hadronization is performed with the string-fragmentation model. Results are presented for the first time separately for diffractive and non-diffractive scattering, in domains of four-momentum transfer, Bjorken-x, and hadronic center of mass energy, and in intervals of charged particle multiplicity. The observed source radii do not differ strongly from those measured in lower energy lepton-nucleon inelastic scattering, and e^+e^- annihilation.Comment: 36 pages, 10 Figure

Photoproduction of K"0 and #LAMBDA# at HERA and a comparison with deep inelastic scattering

Inclusive K"0 and #LAMBDA# photoproduction has been investigated at HERA with the H1 detector at an average photon-proton center of mass energy of 200 GeV in the transverse momentum range 0.5 < p_t < 5 GeV. The production rates as a function of p_t and center of mass rapidity are compared to those obtained in deep inelastic scattering at left angle Q"2 right angle = 23 GeV"2. A similar comparison is made of the rapidity spectra of charged particles. The rate of strangeness photoproduction is compared with pp measurements. The observations are also compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations and the predictions of a Monte Carlo model. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman