Superiorfund - An Answer to State Court Holdings That Government-Mandated Cleanup Costs Constitute Damages under Comprehensive General Liability Policies

This comment analyzes the state high court decisions which seem to be reaching a consensus that the term damages in a Comprehensive General Liability policy encompasses the cost of cleaning up a hazardous waste site. In six state high court cases, the courts held in favor of the insureds, holding that cleanup costs constitute damages. In only three state high court cases, decided by two courts, the holdings were in favor of insurers with rulings that cleanup costs do not constitute damages. Two possible solutions to resolve the insurance carriers\u27 dilemma regarding the damages question are proposed in this comment. The preferred alternative is to amend the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and make cleanup costs an uninsurable interest. With reimbursement of cleanup costs by insurers an impossibility, an alternative to insurance would be necessary. The author proposes a solution to the problem in the creation of a pollution fund to clean up hazardous waste sites. As a less desirable alternative, the author recommends that insurance carriers seek alternatives to litigation such as settling out of court

The design features of the body of the portable electrocardiograph "ECG-EXPRESS"

The sequence of the industrial product shaping is specified, the main modeling characteristics of the configuration and some of its parts are designated subject to the electrocardiograph design and the technologies used for the production of its body

Melting of hexane monolayers adsorbed on graphite: the role of domains and defect formation

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0903/0903.1065.pdfWe present the first large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of hexane on graphite that completely reproduces all experimental features of the melting transition. The canonical ensemble simulations required and used the most realistic model of the system: (i) fully atomistic representation of hexane; (ii) explicit site-by-site interaction with carbon atoms in graphite; (iii) CHARMM force field with carefully chosen adjustable parameters of non-bonded interaction; (iv) numerous $\ge$ 100 ns runs, requiring a total computation time of ca. 10 CPU-years. This has allowed us to determine correctly the mechanism of the transition: molecular reorientation within lamellae without perturbation of the overall adsorbed film structure. We observe that the melted phase has a dynamically reorienting domain-type structure whose orientations reflect that of graphite.This material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG02-07ER46411. Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF43277-B5). Computational support was provided by the University of Missouri Bioinformatics Consortium

Cross-over mechanism of the melting transition in monolayers of alkanes adsorbed on graphite and the universality of energy scaling

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0902/0902.4422.pdfThe interplay between the torsional potential energy and the scaling of the 1-4 van der Waals and Coulomb interactions determines the stiffness of flexible molecules. In molecular simulations often ad-hoc values for the scaling factor (SF) are adopted without adequate justification. In this letter we demonstrate for the first time that the precise value of the SF has direct consequences on the critical properties and mechanisms of systems undergoing a phase transition. By analyzing the melting of n-alkanes (hexane C6, dodecane C12, tetracosane C24) on graphite, we show that the SF is not a universal feature, that it monotonically decreases with the molecular length, and that it drives a cross-over between two distinct mechanisms for melting in such systems.Acknowledgment is made to the donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF43277-B5) for the support of this research. This material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Energy under award number DE-FG02-07ER46411. Computational resources were provided by the University of Missouri Bioinformatics Consortium

Structural and phase properties of tetracosane (C24H50) monolayers adsorbed on graphite. Explicit Hydrogen Molecular Dynamics study

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0805/0805.1435.pdfWe discuss Molecular Dynamics (MD) computer simulations of a tetracosane (C24H50) monolayer physisorbed onto the basal plane of graphite. The adlayer molecules are simulated with explicit hydrogens, and the graphite substrate is represented as an all-atom structure having six graphene layers. The tetracosane dynamics modeled in the fully atomistic manner agree well with experiment. The low-temperature ordered solid organizes in rectangular centered structure, incommensurate with underlying graphite. Above T = 200 K, as the molecules start to lose their translational and orientational order via gauche defect formation, a weak smectic mesophase (observed experimentally but never reproduced in United Atom (UA) simulations) appears. The phase behavior of the adsorbed layer is critically sensitive to the way the electrostatic interactions are included in the model. If the electrostatic charges are set to zero (as it is in UA force field), the melting temperature increases by ~70 K with respect to the experimental value. When the non-bonded 1-4 interaction is not scaled, the melting temperature decreases by ~90 K. If the scaling factor is set to 0.5, the melting occurs at T = 350 K, in very good agreement with experimental data.Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF43277 - B5), and the University of Missouri Research Board, for the support of this research. This material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG02-07ER46411

On the R-Matrix Formulation of Deformed Algebras and Generalized Jordan-Wigner Transformations

The deformed algebra $\cal{A(R)}$, depending upon a Yang-Baxter R- matrix, is considered. The conditions under which the algebra is associative are discussed for a general number of oscillators. Four types of solutions satisfying these conditions are constructed and two of them can be represented by generalized Jordan-Wigner transformations.Our analysis is in some sense an extension of the boson realization of fermions from single-mode to multimode oscillators.Comment: 10+ii pages,preprint RBI-TH-10/93,Latex,(to appear in Europhys.Lett.