REVIEW OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSES IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND CANADA

The theme of energy efficiency and conservation relevant today as ever. Worldwide, the reduction of energy consumption is one of the most important tasks. Passive house is a fairly new standard for residential buildings. Thanks to the insulation and sealing of building envelope, heating costs are minimized and it is not necessary in the usual heating systems. This article discusses options for passive house, what have passed successful approbation in Northern Europe and Canada, for Russia.Тема энергоэффективности и энергосбережения актуальна сегодня как никогда. Во всем мире снижение потребления энергоресурсов является одной из важнейших задач. Пассивные дома – это достаточно новый стандарт для жилых строений. Благодаря утеплению и герметизации оболочки здания затраты на отопление в нем минимизированы и нет необходимости в привычных системах отопления. В данной статье рассматриваются варианты энергопассивных домов, прошедших успешную апробацию в Северных странах Европы и Канады, для России

Umbilical cord blood as a promising source of NK cells for immunotherapy

Currently, a large number of studies on genetic modification of cord blood NK cells (UCB-NK) are carried out at both clinical and preclinical levels. Immunotherapy based on UCB-NK cells has great potential for antitumor therapy. However, despite having known several advantages over peripheral blood NK cells (PB- NK), including a high concentration in cord blood and low virulence rate, UCB-NK cells are predominantly characterized in the scientific literature as immature and low-functioning NK cells. In this work, we studied the phenotypic characteristics of UCB-NK cells and the possibility of stimulatory compensation of the decreased functional activity of UCB-NK cells. Our studies revealed UCB-NK cells can be characterized as poorly differentiated and weakly activated cells with high level of inhibitory receptor NKG2A and low level of activating receptor NKG2C and HLA-DR, accordingly with the literature data. Two types of stimuli were chosen to stimulate freshly isolated UCB-NK cells: 1) 100 units of IL-2; 2) combinations of 100 units IL-2 and K-562 feeder cells expressing membrane-bound IL-21 (K562-mbIL21). It was shown the degranulation (LAMP-1) and proliferative activity was higher than for parallel cultured ex vivo PB-NK cells under the same conditions for UCB-NK cells stimulated for 7 days with IL-2 + K562-mbIL21. Moreover, stimulation in the way of IL-2 + K562-mbIL21 seemed to be a more perspective way to obtain a large number of proliferatively active UCB-NK cells compared to stimulation with IL-2 only. Since genetic modification of NK cells is a promising way to improve the antitumor properties of NK cells, retroviral transduction procedure was performed to study of the stimulated UCB-NK cells. UCB-NK cells stimulated with IL-2 + K562-mbIL21 were transduced on day 8 of cultivation. In this study, we used targeted overexpression of the adaptor molecule DAP12, which is involved in the signaling of activating NK cell receptors. PB-NK cells and UCB-NK cells were transduced under the equal experimental conditions in same volume of viral particles. As a result, the transduction efficiency was found to be more than 4-fold higher for UCB-NK cells compared to PB-NK cells. Thus, UCB-NK cells appear to be a promising tool for further research in cancer immunotherapy

Design of hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity experimental evaluation of leflunomid in rabbits

The article deals the experiment methodology on rabbits in order to assess hepatotoxicity of leflunomide during the intake of essential phospholipids. A model of drug administration was chosen, a concept of manipulations for evaluation of hepatotoxicity was developed, which includes blood sampling, weighing, liver biopsy as well as cardiotoxicity – electrocardiography.В статье представлена методология проведения эксперимента на кроликах по оценке гепатотоксичности лефлуномида на фоне приёма эссенциальных фосфолипидов. Подобрана модель введения препарата, разработана концепция манипуляций для оценки гепатотоксичности: забор крови, взвешивание, биопсия печени, а также кардиотоксичности – снятие электрокардиограммы

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VASOACTIVE BETA-BLOCKERS IN ACUTE PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Aim. To evaluate a short-term efficacy and safety of nebivolol and carvedilol in hypertensive patients of different ages in acute pharmacological test (APT).Material and methods. 119 patients with arterial hypertension (HT) 2-3 degrees aged 33-89 y.o. were involved into the study. Patients were split into 2 groups according to age: young and middle-aged patients (30-59 y.o.); elderly and senile patients (≥60 y.o.). All patients were randomized for carvedilol (12.5 mg once daily) or nebivolol (5 mg once daily) therapy after wash-out period (3-10 days). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed one day before and one day after first drug taking and ABPM indices were compared.Results. APT with carvedilol and nebivolol in patients of young and middle age showed significant antihypertensive effect on systolic (-6.9 and -6.0 mm Hg, resp.), diastolic (- 4.6 and -4.7 mm Hg, resp.) and pulse (-1.7 and -1.4 mm Hg, resp.) blood pressure (BP). In patients of elderly and senile age the first daily dose of nebivolol did not have influence on systolic and pulse BP (-2.73 and +0.50 mm Hg, resp., p&gt;0.05), unlike carvedilol (-5.27 and -1.43 mm Hg, resp. p&lt;0.05). Carvedilol and nebivolol increased of hypotension time index for diastolic BP in younger (7,6 and 7,7%, resp.) and elder (11 and 8,2% resp.) patients.Conclusion. Carvedilol in initial dose reduces systolic and pulse BP more significantly than nebivolol does in hypertensive elderly and senile patients. Increase of hypotension time index for diastolic BP revealed for both drugs can limit their use in patients with initially low diastolic BP.</p

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VASOACTIVE BETA-BLOCKERS IN ACUTE PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Aim. To evaluate a short-term efficacy and safety of nebivolol and carvedilol in hypertensive patients of different ages in acute pharmacological test (APT).Material and methods. 119 patients with arterial hypertension (HT) 2-3 degrees aged 33-89 y.o. were involved into the study. Patients were split into 2 groups according to age: young and middle-aged patients (30-59 y.o.); elderly and senile patients (≥60 y.o.). All patients were randomized for carvedilol (12.5 mg once daily) or nebivolol (5 mg once daily) therapy after wash-out period (3-10 days). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed one day before and one day after first drug taking and ABPM indices were compared.Results. APT with carvedilol and nebivolol in patients of young and middle age showed significant antihypertensive effect on systolic (-6.9 and -6.0 mm Hg, resp.), diastolic (- 4.6 and -4.7 mm Hg, resp.) and pulse (-1.7 and -1.4 mm Hg, resp.) blood pressure (BP). In patients of elderly and senile age the first daily dose of nebivolol did not have influence on systolic and pulse BP (-2.73 and +0.50 mm Hg, resp., p&gt;0.05), unlike carvedilol (-5.27 and -1.43 mm Hg, resp. p&lt;0.05). Carvedilol and nebivolol increased of hypotension time index for diastolic BP in younger (7,6 and 7,7%, resp.) and elder (11 and 8,2% resp.) patients.Conclusion. Carvedilol in initial dose reduces systolic and pulse BP more significantly than nebivolol does in hypertensive elderly and senile patients. Increase of hypotension time index for diastolic BP revealed for both drugs can limit their use in patients with initially low diastolic BP