A case series describing common radiographic and pathologic patterns of hard metal pneumoconiosis

Introduction: Hard metal pneumoconiosis is a rare but serious disease of the lungs associated with inhalational exposure to tungsten or cobalt dust. Little is known about the radiologic and pathologic characteristics of this disease and the efficacy of treating with immunosuppression. Objective: We describe the largest cohort of patients with hard metal pneumoconiosis in the literature, including radiographic and pathologic patterns as well as treatment options. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients from the University of Pittsburgh pathology registry between the years of 1985 and 2016. Experts in chest radiology and pulmonary pathology reviewed the cases for radiologic and pathologic patterns. Results: We identified 23 patients with a pathologic pattern of hard metal pneumoconiosis. The most common radiographic findings were ground glass opacities (93%) and small nodules (64%). Of 20 surgical biopsies, 17 (85%) showed features of giant cell interstitial pneumonia. Most patients received systemic corticosteroids and/or steroid-sparing immunosuppression. Conclusions: Hard metal pneumoconiosis is characterized predominately by radiographic ground glass opacities and giant cell interstitial pneumonia on histopathology. Systemic corticosteroids and steroid-sparing immunosuppression are common treatment options. Keywords: Lung diseases, Interstitial, Hard metal pneumoconiosis, Giant cell interstitial pneumoni

APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE BALANÇO DE CALOR NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA TRANSPIRAÇÃO DE MUDAS DE LIMOEIRO

O método de balanço de calor é usado para monitorar fluxo de seiva em plantas de diversas espécies. Neste trabalho, estudou-se o desempenho e aplicabilidade do método, em mudas de limoeiro com diâmetros em torno de 18 mm. Os sensores foram avaliados em plantas envasadas, em casa de vegetação, sob condições naturais de temperatura e radiação solar. O desempenho do método foi avaliado comparando-se o fluxo de massa computado e as medidas gravimétricas de perda de massa, fazendo-se depois, análise de regressão. Os resultados indicam que os sensores tiveram uma precisão de 8% na escala horária e 11% na escala diária. A constante de tempo foi de 12 minutos, o que é um indicativo de que o método é adequado para medir fluxo de seiva em mudas de citros com boa precisão, e suficientemente apropriado para ser usado em aplicações agronômicas e fisiológicas.<br>The heat balance method is widely used to measure sap flow of different plant species. This work focused on the performance and applicability of the method, using 2-year old lemon plants, with 18 mm in diameter, the sensors were evaluated on potted-plants in a greenhouse under natural temperature and solar radiation conditions. The method performance was tested by comparing the computed mass flow with weight losses. A regression equation was used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that sensor precision reached 8% in the hourly scale and 11% in the daily scale. The time constant of 12 minutes indicated that the method was accurate to measure sap flow with good precision. Also we concluded that the method is adequate for agronomic and physiological use