Study of Dynamic Backcalculation Program with Genetic Algorithms for FWD on Pavements

[[abstract]]This paper introduces an inversion-modeling of Falling Weight Deflecometer (FWD) test for evaluation of pavement structure. Development of a dynamic backcalculation program DBFWD-GA with genetic algorithms for the FWD data is presented. This program can be used to interpret the FWD data. Anumber of variables were studied to suggest an optimized algorithm of the genetic method for flexible pavements consisting of three-layer and four-layer structures. Comparisons were made for the evaluations with those from the DBFWD program, in which the iterative procedure is applied, and the IDBAC program, as well as the MODULUS program that are founded on the database method. The results were found reasonable for the suggested program with the in-situ FWD data of national Chung-Shan Freeway. This program has the capacity to explore a broad domain of the solutions. It can be applied to the design strategies for the rehabilitation management on the flexible pavement structure.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]E

A Study of Basic Characteristics of The Man of Tao of Lao Tzu and Self-Actualizing People of Maslow

This thesis serves two purposes: One, it reveals the influences of Taoist philosophy on Maslow\u27s humanistic psychology which has become the third force in the field of psychology; secondly it lets all those who have regarded Chinese classics as nothing but a bundle of obsolete stuffs know that an archaic well still has fresh water to be drawn out to use. In Tao Te Ching, or Lao Tzu the book, the man of Tao and innocent child are highly praised by Lao Tzu and may be referred to as ideal characters of his mind. Metaphysically, Tao is the Way, the universal principles of existence. It is the origin of Heaven and Earth, and the mother of all things. It is eternal, one, all-pervasive, and absolute. Above all, it is natural. And Tao has non-action, wu-wei, as its standard. From this it is quite clear that the way of wu-wei is the way of spontaneity, to be contrasted with the artificial way, the way of cleverness and superficial morality. It is Lao Tzu\u27s attitude toward knowledge that when knowledge and intelligence appeared, there emerged great hypocrisy. So Lao Tzu emphasizes that people should have little knowledge. With decreasing knowledge people are in a right position to know how to be content and where to stop. In other words, people live in a simple life, a life of plainness, in which profit is discarded, cleverness abandoned, selfishness minimized and desires reduced. According to Lao Tzu, the idealization of the Man of Tao and innocent child is nothing more than the idealization of the Tao or Nature itself. In the case of Maslow, the self-actualizing people is a Being-lover or Being-cognizer. The word \u27\u27Being is commonly referred to the reality of universe in metaphysics of Western philosophy. If we substitute Being by Chinese expression, Tao is the exact word whatsoever. The man of Tao has, in most part of spheres, the same characteristics which a self-actualizing people or B-lover cherishes. There are in total fourteen characteristics of the self-actualizing people in Maslow\u27s report, but a couple of characteristics can be regarded as a by-product of some basic characteristics to which a self-actualizing person pertains. Here are the abstracted four major characteristics which are shared by both the man of Tao and B-lover. Creativeness, Solitude, privacy, psychic space, To understand reality is to be enlightened Spontaneity Once an ideal character is found, a desire of working on a Utopia in which we hope to live is stirred naturally. Both Lao Tzu and Maslow have their own desirable Utopia. In the case of Lao Tzu, it is a small and sparsely populated kingdom in which the great Tao prevails and then people enjoy their lives. They are well satisfied with their basic needs and their spiritual lives are also harmonized. They are free from danger throughout their life time. Maslow coined his human-oriented institutions \u27\u27Eupsychia. In Eupsychia, Maslow believed this would almost surely be a (philosophically) anarchistic group, a Taoistic but loving culture, in which people (young people too) would have much more free choice than we are used to, and in which basic needs and meta needs would be respected much more than they are in our society. People would not bother each other so much as we do, would be much less prone to press opinions or religions or philosophies or tastes in clothes or food or art or women on their neighbors. In a word, the inhabitants of Eupsychia would tend to be more Taoistic, non-intrusive, and basic need-gratifying (whenever possible), would frustrate only under certain conditions that I have not attempted to describe, would be more honest with each other than we are, and would permit people to make free choices wherever possible

Lifshitz holographic superconductor in Horava-Lifshitz gravity

We study the holographic phase transition of superconductor dual to a Lifshitz black brane probed by an anisotropic scalar field in the probe limit in Ho\u{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. With the use of numerical and analytical method, we investigate how the critical temperature of the condensation is affected by the Lifshitz exponent $z$, $\alpha-$correction term in the action as well as the dimensions of the gravity. We also numerically explore the condensation of the dual operator and optical conductivity of the holographic system. Various interesting properties of the holographic condensation affected by the parameters of model are discussed

Phase-Dependent Spontaneous Spin Polarization and Bifurcation Delay in Coupled Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates

The spontaneous spin polarization and bifurcation delay in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled with laser or/and radio-frequency pulses are investigated. We find that the bifurcation and the spontaneous spin polarization are determined by both physical parameters and relative phase between two condensates. Through bifurcations, the system enters into the spontaneous spin polarization regime from the Rabi regime. We also find that bifurcation delay appears when the parameter is swept through a static bifurcation point. This bifurcation delay is responsible for metastability leading to hysteresis.Comment: Improved version for cond-mat/021157

Utilization of Dynamic and Static Sensors for Monitoring Infrastructures

Infrastructures, including bridges, tunnels, sewers, and telecommunications, may be exposed to environmental-induced or traffic-induced deformation and vibrations. Some infrastructures, such as bridges and roadside upright structures, may be sensitive to vibration and displacement where several different types of dynamic and static sensors may be used for their measurement of sensitivity to environmental-induced loads, like wind and earthquake, and traffic-induced loads, such as passing trucks. Remote sensing involves either in situ, on-site, or airborne sensing where in situ sensors, such as strain gauges, displacement transducers, velometers, and accelerometers, are considered conventional but more durable and reliable. With data collected by accelerometers, time histories may be obtained, transformed, and then analyzed to determine their modal frequencies and shapes, while with displacement and strain transducers, structural deflections and internal stress distribution may be measured, respectively. Field tests can be used to characterize the dynamic and static properties of the infrastructures and may be further used to show their changes due to damage. Additionally, representative field applications on bridge dynamic testing, seismology, and earthborn/construction vibration are explained. Sensor data can be analyzed to establish the trend and ensure optimal structural health. At the end, five case studies on bridges and industry facilities are demonstrated in this chapter

Analyzing the formation of normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph using the impedance change components for aorta, blood vessels in lung and ventricles

Background: Many measurements of thoracic impedance graph show that the small C wave and big O wave appear often for patients with cardiac insufficiency, and the O/C ratio is bigger. And for the normal body, especially a younger one, the bigger O wave may also appear. But since the amplitude of the C wave of a normal body is bigger, the O/C ratio is smaller. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the formation mechanism of the normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph. Methods and Results: The thoracic mixed impedance changes are measured with 6 leads consisting of 15 electrodes. The impedance change components for the aorta (AO), blood vessel in left lung (PL), blood vessel in right lung (PR), left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) are separated from thoracic mixed impedance changes by means of establishing and solving the thoracic impedance equations. The amplitudes of the O and C waves of various impedance change components are measured for 50 normal healthy adults and 34 patients with cardiac insufficiency. The formation mechanism of normal and abnormal O waves in thoracic impedance graph is analyzed using the superposition of the O waves of the above impedance change components. Detection subjects are 50 healthy adults and 34 hospital patients with cardiac insufficiency. (1) Thoracic impedance graph: The O/C ratios of the normal group are significantly smaller than that of the abnormal group, p < 0.001. The O wave of first lead (E1-E1’) is significantly bigger than that of leads 4 and 5 (E4-E4’ and E5-E5’) in the normal group, p < 0.001. (2) The impedance change component: The O waves of the AO, PL, and PR are significantly smaller than that of the LV and RV in the normal group, p < 0.001. The O wave and O/C of the AO, PL and PR of normal group are significantly smaller than that of the abnormal group, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The O wave of the thoracic impedance graph is formed due to the superposition of the O waves of the impedance change components for the aorta, blood vessels in lung and ventricles