Xanthophyllum montanum

Xanthophyllum montanum is a large tree recorded from Mount Kinabalu and Sosopodon Forest Reserve. To date, the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) are both 16 km2 respectively. The species is recorded to occur in lower montane forest in brownish soils, therefore, the most plausible threat that could affect the population would be land use change and climate change. However the species historically experienced population decline of between 50 and 69% due to land use change and decline in AOO and EOO. Therefore, the species is assessed as Endangered. Xanthophyllum montanum is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Mount Kinabalu and Sosodopan areas. The species has experienced decline in area of occupancy and extent of occurrence, however, the remaining individuals are mostly within protected area or near boundary of a protected area

Wendlandia tombuyukonensis

Wendlandia tumbuyukonensis is a small tree recorded from Mount Tumbuyukon in Kinabalu Park. To date, the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occupancy (EOO) are both 4 km2 respectively. The species recorded to occur on montane forest, on summit with ultramafic geology, up to 2,600 m altitude, therefore, the most plausible threat that could affect the population would be the climate change as the species is likely to decline and be affected in the wake of climate extremes. Hence, it is assessed as Vulnerable. Wendlandia tombuyukonensis is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Mount Tumbuyukon in Kinabalu Park and was recorded to occur at 2,600 m

Xanthophyllum lineare

Xanthophyllum lineare is a small tree recorded from Sapagaya Forest Reserve, Sabah. To date, the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occupancy (EOO) are 12 km2. The species is recorded to occur in stunted forest on ultrabasic bedrock at altitude range between 200–800 m. The most serious plausible threat that could affect the population would be climate change and forest fire. If these were to impact the species it would cause it to become Critically Endangered or Extinct in one generation, given the restricted range of the species. Therefore it is assessed as Vulnerable. Xanthophyllum lineare is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Sapagaya Forest Reserve

Xanthophyllum longum

Xanthophyllum longum is only known from Sg Pinangah Forest Reserve (commercial forest reserve) in Sabah. The estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) are both 4 km2 the species has experienced a reduction of AOO (67%) and EOO (over 90%). Although the species is not on the harvested timber list and reduced impact logging protocol is being practiced within the forest reserve, the decline of habitat quality is still plausible, hence the species is assessed as Critically Endangered. Xanthophyllum longum is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. Based on herbarium record it is confined to Sg Pinangah Forest Reserve. Due to urbanization and past historical events the species has experienced reduction of in area of occupancy (AOO) of 67% and extent of occurrence (EOO) of over 90%, resulting in the current AOO and EOO for the species to be 4 km2 respectively

Timonius beamanii

Timonius beamanii is endemic to Sabah with a narrow and restricted distribution range. It is a secondary species and can grow with ease on disturbed and opened sites. The estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) are 24 km2 and 34.2 km2 respectively. The species was recorded to occur in six localities, in which three are located within a Totally Protected Area (Kinabalu Parks). For the time being, populations located outside of the TPA are located in areas where forest cover is retained. Therefore, although there is decline in habitat it is not continuing decline. Hence, the species is assessed as Near Threatened. Timonius beamanii is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Ranau in Sabah

Drypetes aetoxyloides

Drypetes aetoxyloides is a small tree recorded from Luhan in Kinabalu Park. To date, the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occupancy (EOO) are both 4 km2 respectively. The species is recorded to occur on hillside of primary forest with brown soil with an altitude of 1,350 m, therefore the most plausible threat that could affect the population would be the climate change. Hence, it is assessed as Vulnerable as if the species is subject to climate extremes it could be Critically Endangered or Extinct in the near future. Drypetes aetoxyloides is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Luhan in Kinabalu Park and was recorded to occur at 1,350 m

Eriobotrya balgooyi

Eriobotrya balgooyi is a small tree recorded from Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tumbuyukon in Kinabalu Park. To date, the estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and extent area of occupancy (EOO) are both 8 km2 respectively. It is found in ligneous scrub with ultramafic soils with an altitude range between 2,420–2,560m, therefore the most plausible threat that could affect the population would be climate change. The impact of climate change on the one site of the species could cause it to become Critically Endangered in a short window of time. Hence, it is assessed as Vulnerable. Eriobotrya balgooyi is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia. It is restricted to Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tumbuyukon located in Kinabalu Park

Prognostic Value of N-terminal B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter Study

Background: Several models have been developed to help the clinician in risk stratification for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS),such as the TIMI and GRACE risk scores. However, there is conflicting evidence for the prognostic value of NT-ProBNP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective: (1) To explore the association of NT-proBNP with 30-day clinical outcome in AMI patients. (2) To compare the prognostic value of NT-proBNP with TIMI and GRACE risk scores in AMI patients. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective observational study recruiting patients presented with AMI between 29-October-2015 and 14-January-2017, involving 1 cardiology referral centre and 4 non-cardiology hospitals. NT-proBNP level (Alere Triage®, US)was measured within 24 hours fromthe diagnosis of AMI. Patientswere followed-up for 1 month. Results: A total of 186 patients were recruited, 143 from tertiary cardiology centre and 43 from non-cardiology hospitals. Mean age was 54.7±10.0 years, 87.6% male and 64% were STEMI. The NT-proBNP level ranged from 60 to 16700pg/ml, with a median of 714pg/ml. Using the 75th centile as the cutoff, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the 30-day cardiac related mortality was significantly higher for patient with NT-proBNP level of ≥1600pg/ml (6.4% vs. 0.7%, p=0.02). Cox-regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP level of ≥1600pg/ml was an independent predictor of 30-day cardiac related mortality, regardless of TIMI risk score, GRACE score, LV ejection fraction and study hospitals (HR 9.274, p=0.054, 95%CI 0.965, 89.161). Readmission for heart failure at 30-day was also higher for patient with NT-proBNP level of ≥1600pg/ml (HR 9.308, p=0.053, 95%CI 0.969, 89.492). NT-proBNP level was not associated with all-cause mortality, risk of readmission for ACS, arrhythmia and stroke (pN0.05). By adding 50 score to GRACE risk score for NT-proBNP level of ≥1600pg/ml, combination of GraceNT-proBNP scores of more than 200 appeared to be a better independent predictor for 30-day cardiac related mortality (HR:28.28, p=0.004, 95%CI 2.94, 272.1). ROC analysis showed that this new score had 75% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity in predicting 30-day cardiac related mortality (AUC 0.791, p=0.046). Conclusions: NT-proBNP is a useful point-of-care risk stratification biomarker in AMI. It can be combined to the current risk score model for better risk stratification in AMI patients

COVID-19 pandemic and overall mental health of healthcare professionals globally: a meta-review of systematic reviews

OBJECTIVE: This meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: We conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE. A predefined eligibility criterion was used to screen the articles. The methodology quality of eligible studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the meta-review aim. RESULT: Forty systematic reviews (represented as K = 40), which reported data from 1,828 primary studies (N) and 3,245,768 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The findings from a pooled prevalence indicate that anxiety (16–41%, K = 30, N = 701), depression (14–37%, K = 28, N = 584), and stress/post-traumatic stress disorder (18.6–56.5%, K = 24, N = 327) were the most prevailing COVID-19 pandemic-related mental health conditions affecting healthcare workers. Other reported concerns included insomnia, burnout, fear, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatization symptoms, phobia, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. Considering regions/countries, the highest anxiety was reported in the United-Kingdom [22.3, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):7–38, N = 4] compared to other countries, while the highest depression was in the Middle-East, (41, 95% CI:16–60, N = 5) and stress in the Eastern Mediterranean region (61.6, 95% CI:56.4–66.8, N = 2) compared to other regions. The most significant risk factors include female gender, younger age, being a nurse, and frontline professional. The most-reported coping strategies include individual/group psychological support, family/relative support, training/orientation, and the adequacy of personal protective equipment. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that healthcare professionals (nurses, doctors, allied health) have experienced various mental health issues during COVID-19 pandemic. The meta-review, therefore, recommends targeted interventions and health policies that address specific mental health issues to support health professionals worldwide during the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and similar future health crises. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202126200, identifier: CRD42021262001