Clinical aspects of consciousness disorders in patients with stroke

Zaburzenia przytomności są następstwem patologicznego obniżenia aktywności układu siatkowatego. U pacjentów z udarem mózgu istotnie wpływają na przebieg kliniczny choroby oraz na rokowanie. Jako stan zagrożenia życia wymagają intensywnego monitorowania i leczenia oraz pilnej diagnostyki. Nasilenie zaburzeń przytomności, odzwierciedlające stopień niedomogi pnia mózgu, ocenia się na podstawie spontanicznej i celowej aktywności chorego oraz jego reakcji odruchowych. W badaniu klinicznym należy uwzględnić przede wszystkim zaburzenia motoryki ogólnej ciała, motoryki gałek ocznych i źrenic, odruchów z pnia mózgu oraz funkcji autonomicznych, takich jak: oddychanie, temperatura ciała, tętno i ciśnienie tętnicze. Ocena klinimetryczna, za pomocą odpowiednio dobranych skal, stanowi uzupełnienie badania klinicznego, ułatwiając ocenę dynamiki wybranych objawów oraz monitorowanie przebiegu choroby.Disorders of consciousness result from dysfunction of reticular activating system. They essentially influence clinical course of disease and outcome in stroke patients. As it is a life-threatening state it requires intensive monitoring and treatment as well as urgent diagnosis. The level of consciousness that reflects the degree of brain steam insufficiency is estimated on the basis of patient’s spontaneous and intentional activity as well as involuntary reactions. Clinical examination includes assessment of motor and pupillary activity, eye movements, brain steam reflexes and autonomic functions such as breathing, temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Appropriate clinimetric scales are valuable completion of clinical examination as they facilitate evaluation and monitoring of selected symptoms

Cerebral blood flow characteristics in patients with post-lumbar puncture headache

The aim of this study was to verify if diagnostic lumbar puncture (DLP) in post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH) patients is related to significant changes in cerebral blood flow which could be visualized by transcranial Doppler (TCD). Sixty-six patients were enrolled in this study. TCD was performed 24 h before DLP and repeated within 24 h after the procedure. The measurements included mean velocity (Vmean), peak systolic velocity (Vmax), and Gosling’s pulsatility index (PI), in the left and right middle cerebral artery (MCA). PLPH was observed in 21 patients (32%). No significant differences were noted in Vmean, Vmax and PI between the right and left MCAs—both before DLP and following this procedure. In patients who developed PLPH, bilateral pre-puncture values of Vmean and Vmax were significantly higher and PI was significantly lower compared to unaffected individuals. No significant differences were observed between these groups in terms of post-puncture Vmean and Vmax, but the post-puncture PI was still significantly lower in PLPH cases. In PLPH cases, the post-puncture values of Vmean and Vmax were significantly lower than the respective baseline parameters. A significant inverse correlation was present between PLPH severity and bilateral pre-puncture PI. In conclusion, this study revealed that higher baseline values of Vmean and Vmax and low PI in bilateral MCAs predispose patients to PLPH

Bacterial symbionts of the leafhopper "Evacanthus interruptus" (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae : Evacanthinae)

Plant sap-feeding hemipterans harbor obligate symbiotic microorganisms which are responsible for the synthesis of amino acids missing in their diet. In this study, we characterized the obligate symbionts hosted in the body of the xylem-feeding leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae: Evacanthini) by means of histological, ultrastructural and molecular methods. We observed that E. interruptus is associated with two types of symbiotic microorganisms: bacterium ‘Candidatus Sulcia muelleri’ (Bacteroidetes) and betaproteobacterium that is closely related to symbionts which reside in two other Cicadellidae representatives: Pagaronia tredecimpunctata (Evacanthinae: Pagaronini) and Hylaius oregonensis (Bathysmatophorinae: Bathysmatophorini). Both symbionts are harbored in their own bacteriocytes which are localized between the body wall and ovaries. In E. interruptus, both Sulcia and betaproteobacterial symbionts are transovarially transmitted from one generation to the next. In the mature female, symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and gather around the posterior pole of the terminal oocytes. Then, they gradually pass through the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the posterior pole of the oocyte and enter the space between them and the oocyte. The bacteria accumulate in the deep depression of the oolemma and form a characteristic ‘symbiont ball’. In the light of the results obtained, the phylogenetic relationships within modern Cicadomorpha and some Cicadellidae subfamilies are discussed

Crop Updates 2006 - Lupins and Pulses

This session covers sixty six papers from different authors: 2005 LUPIN AND PULSE INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS 1. Lupin Peter White, Department of Agriculture 2. Pulses Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture 3. Monthly rainfall at experimental sites in 2005 4. Acknowledgements Amelia McLarty EDITOR 5. Contributors 6. Background Peter White, Department of Agriculture 2005 REGIONAL ROUNDUP 7. Northern agricultural region Wayne Parker, Department of Agriculture 8. Central agricultural region Ian Pritchard and Bob French, Department of Agriculture 9. Great southern and lakes Rodger Beermier, Department of Agriculture 10. South east region Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture LUPIN AND PULSE PRODUCTION AGRONOMY AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT 11. Lupin Peter White, Department of Agriculture 12. Narrow-leafed lupin breeding Bevan Buirchell, Department of Agriculture 13. Progress in the development of pearl lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) for Australian agriculture, Mark Sweetingham1,2, Jon Clements1, Geoff Thomas2, Roger Jones1, Sofia Sipsas1, John Quealy2, Leigh Smith1 and Gordon Francis1 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 2Department of Agriculture 14. Molecular genetic markers and lupin breeding, Huaan Yang, Jeffrey Boersma, Bevan Buirchell, Department of Agriculture 15. Construction of a genetic linkage map using MFLP, and identification of molecular markers linked to domestication genes in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus augustiflolius L) Jeffrey Boersma1,2, Margaret Pallotta3, Bevan Buirchell1, Chengdao Li1, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam2 and Huaan Yang1 1Department of Agriculture, 2The University of Western Australia, 3Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, South Australia 16. The first gene-based map of narrow-leafed lupin – location of domestication genes and conserved synteny with Medicago truncatula, M. Nelson1, H. Phan2, S. Ellwood2, P. Moolhuijzen3, M. Bellgard3, J. Hane2, A. Williams2, J. Fos‑Nyarko4, B. Wolko5, M. Książkiewicz5, M. Cakir4, M. Jones4, M. Scobie4, C. O’Lone1, S.J. Barker1, R. Oliver2, and W. Cowling1 1School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 2Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Murdoch University, 3Centre for Bioinformatics and Biological Computing, Murdoch University, 4School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, SABC, Murdoch University,5Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland 17. How does lupin optimum density change row spacing? Bob French and Laurie Maiolo, Department of Agriculture 18. Wide row spacing and seeding rate of lupins with conventional and precision seeding machines Martin Harries, Jo Walker and Murray Blyth, Department of Agriculture 19. Influence of row spacing and plant density on lupin competition with annual ryegrass, Martin Harries, Jo Walker and Murray Blyth, Department of Agriculture 20. Effect of timing and speed of inter-row cultivation on lupins, Martin Harries, Jo Walker and Steve Cosh, Department of Agriculture 21. The interaction of atrazine herbicide rate and row spacing on lupin seedling survival, Martin Harries and Jo Walker Department of Agriculture 22. The banding of herbicides on lupin row crops, Martin Harries, Jo Walker and Murray Blyth, Department of Agriculture 23. Large plot testing of herbicide tolerance of new lupin lines, Wayne Parker, Department of Agriculture 24. Effect of seed source and simazine rate of seedling emergence and growth, Peter White and Greg Shea, Department of Agriculture 25. The effect of lupin row spacing and seeding rate on a following wheat crop, Martin Harries, Jo Walker and Dirranie Kirby, Department of Agriculture 26. Response of crop lupin species to row spacing, Leigh Smith1, Kedar Adhikari1, Jon Clements2 and Patrizia Guantini3, 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3University of Florence, Italy 27. Response of Lupinus mutabilis to lime application and over watering, Peter White, Leigh Smith and Mark Sweetingham, Department of Agriculture 28. Impact of anthracnose on yield of Andromeda lupins, Geoff Thomas, Kedar Adhikari and Katie Bell, Department of Agriculture 29. Survey of lupin root health (in major production areas), Geoff Thomas, Ken Adcock, Katie Bell, Ciara Beard and Anne Smith, Department of Agriculture 30. Development of a generic forecasting and decision support system for diseases in the Western Australian wheatbelt, Tim Maling1, Art Diggle1,2, Debbie Thackray1, Kadambot Siddique1 and Roger Jones1,2 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture 31.Tanjil mutants highly tolerant to metribuzin, Ping Si1, Mark Sweetingham1,2, Bevan Buirchell1,2 and Huaan Yang l,2 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture 32. Precipitation pH vs. yield and functional properties of lupin protein isolate, Vijay Jayasena1, Hui Jun Chih1 and Ken Dods2 1Curtin University of Technology, 2Chemistry Centre 33. Lupin protein isolation with the use of salts, Vijay Jayasena1, Florence Kartawinata1,Ranil Coorey1 and Ken Dods2 1Curtin University of Technology, 2Chemistry Centre 34. Field pea, Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture 35. Breeding highlights Kerry Regan1,2, Tanveer Khan1,2, Stuart Morgan1 and Phillip Chambers1 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 36. Variety evaluation, Kerry Regan1,2, Tanveer Khan1,2, Jenny Garlinge1 and Rod Hunter1 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 37. Days to flowering of field pea varieties throughout WA Mark Seymour1, Ian Pritchard1, Rodger Beermier1, Pam Burgess1 and Dr Eric Armstrong2 Department of Agriculture, 2NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga 38. Semi-leafless field peas yield more, with less ryegrass seed set, in narrow rows, Glen Riethmuller, Department of Agriculture 39. Swathing, stripping and other innovative ways to harvest field peas, Mark Seymour, Ian Pritchard, Rodger Beermier and Pam Burgess, Department of Agriculture 40. Pulse demonstrations, Ian Pritchard, Wayne Parker, Greg Shea, Department of Agriculture 41. Field pea extension – focus on field peas 2005, Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture 42. Field pea blackspot disease in 2005: Prediction versus reality, Moin Salam, Jean Galloway, Pip Payne, Bill MacLeod and Art Diggle, Department of Agriculture 43. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in pulses: Screening for seed quality defects and virus resistance, Rohan Prince, Brenda Coutts and Roger Jones, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 44. Yield losses from sowing field peas infected with pea seed-borne mosaic virus, Rohan Prince, Brenda Coutts and Roger Jones, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 45. Desi chickpea, Wayne Parker, Department of Agriculture 46. Breeding highlights, Tanveer Khan 1,2, Pooran Gaur3, Kadambot Siddique2, Heather Clarke2, Stuart Morgan1and Alan Harris1, 1Department of Agriculture2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India 47. National chickpea improvement program, Kerry Regan1, Ted Knights2 and Kristy Hobson3,1Department of Agriculture, 2Agriculture New South Wales 3Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 48. Chickpea breeding lines in CVT exhibit excellent ascochyta blight resistance, Tanveer Khan1,2, Alan Harris1, Stuart Morgan1 and Kerry Regan1,2, 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 49. Variety evaluation, Kerry Regan1,2, Tanveer Khan1,2, Jenny Garlinge2 and Rod Hunter2, 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 2Department of Agriculture 50. Desi chickpeas for the wheatbelt, Wayne Parker and Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture 51. Large scale demonstration of new chickpea varieties, Wayne Parker, MurrayBlyth, Steve Cosh, Dirranie Kirby and Chris Matthews, Department of Agriculture 52. Ascochyta management with new chickpeas, Martin Harries, Bill MacLeod, Murray Blyth and Jo Walker, Department of Agriculture 53. Management of ascochyta blight in improved chickpea varieties, Bill MacLeod1, Colin Hanbury2, Pip Payne1, Martin Harries1, Murray Blyth1, Tanveer Khan1,2, Kadambot Siddique2, 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 54. Botrytis grey mould of chickpea, Bill MacLeod, Department of Agriculture 55. Kabuli chickpea, Kerry Regan, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 56. New ascochyta blight resistant, high quality kabuli chickpea varieties, Kerry Regan1,2, Kadambot Siddique2, Tim Pope2 and Mike Baker1, 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 57. Crop production and disease management of Almaz and Nafice, Kerry Regan and Bill MacLeod, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 58. Faba bean,Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture 59. Germplasm evaluation – faba bean, Mark Seymour1, Tim Pope2, Peter White1, Martin Harries1, Murray Blyth1, Rodger Beermier1, Pam Burgess1 and Leanne Young1,1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 60. Factors affecting seed coat colour of faba bean during storage, Syed Muhammad Nasar-Abbas1, Julie Plummer1, Kadambot Siddique2, Peter White 3, D. Harris4 and Ken Dods4.1The University of Western Australia, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3Department of Agriculture, 4Chemistry Centre 61. Lentil,Kerry Regan, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 62. Variety and germplasm evaluation, Kerry Regan1,2, Tim Pope2, Leanne Young1, Phill Chambers1, Alan Harris1, Wayne Parker1 and Michael Materne3, 1Department of Agriculture 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3Department of Primary Industries, Victoria Pulse species 63. Land suitability for production of different crop species in Western Australia, Peter White, Dennis van Gool, and Mike Baker, Department of Agriculture 64. Genomic synteny in legumes: Application to crop breeding, Huyen Phan1, Simon Ellwood1, J. Hane1, Angela Williams1, R. Ford2, S. Thomas3 and Richard Oliver1,1Australian Centre of Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens, Murdoch University 2BioMarka, School of Agriculture and Food Systems, ILFR, University of Melbourne 3NSW Department of Primary Industries 65. ALOSCA – Development of a dry flow legume seed inoculant, Rory Coffey and Chris Poole, ALOSCA Technologies Pty Ltd 66. Genetic dissection of resistance to fungal necrotrophs in Medicago truncatula, Simon Ellwood1, Theo Pfaff1, Judith Lichtenzveig12, Lars Kamphuis1, Nola D\u27Souza1, Angela Williams1, Emma Groves1, Karam Singh2 and Richard Oliver1 1Australian Centre of Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens, Murdoch University, 2CSIRO Plant Industry APPENDIX I: LIST OF COMMON ACRONYM

Optimization of the value of magnetic field around the overhead line using a genetic algorithm

Praca przedstawia program napisany w języku C++, w którym zaimplementowano procedury do obliczania pola magnetycznego generowanego przez linię napowietrzną oraz algorytm genetyczny do optymalizacji parametrów układu redukującego wartość pola magnetycznego w obszarze zainteresowania. Model matematyczny został uproszczony do układu dwuwymiarowego. Zmianę rozkładu pola uzyskano wprowadzając do układu pętlę przewodzącą, której położenie oraz stopień kompensacji podlega optymalizacji. Przykłady działania programu podano dla linii jednotorowej o układzie poziomym oraz trzech różnych konfiguracji pętli ekranujących.Examined issue relates to the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the overhead line, and it’s reduction in the area of interest using a conductive loop placed in the space near the line. The paper presents a program written in C ++, which implements the procedure for calculating the magnetic field generated by overhead line and a genetic algorithm used to optimize the location and loop compensation factor. Examples of the program are presented for horizontal single-track line and three different shielding loop configurations. The first relates to a single loop (4 to 5 parameters to optimize - 4 position coordinates (y, z) and the compensation factor), the second case involves two loops with one common conductor (6 to 8 parameters - 6 coordinates (y, z) and 0 to 2 compensation factors), the third case concerns two independent loops (8 to 10 parameters - 8 coordinates (y, z) and 0 to 2 of the compensation factors)

Passive loop coordinates optimization for mitigation of magnetic field value in the proximity of a power line

The paper relates to the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the overhead power line, and it’s reduction in the area of interest using a conductive loop placed in the space near the line. The paper presents results obtained from an original program written in C ++, which implements the procedure for calculating the magnetic field generated by overhead line and a genetic algorithm used to optimize the location and loop compensation factor. Examples of the program are presented for horizontal single-track line and three different shielding loop configurations. The first relates to a single loop (4 to 5 parameters to optimize - 4 position coordinates (y, z) and the compensation factor), the second case involves two loops with one common conductor (6 to 8 parameters - 6 coordinates (y, z) and 0 to 2 compensation factors), the third case concerns two independent loops (8 to 10 parameters - 8 coordinates (y, z) and 0 to 2 of the compensation factors). In addition similar calculations are performed for single-track line with two earth wires

Simulation tests of semi-controlled rectifier

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych prostownika półsterowanego, tworzącego wraz ze stabilizatorem prądu źródło prądowe. Symulacje układu wykonano w programie PSpice, wyniki badań dotyczą przebiegów i wartości napięcia na wyjściu prostownika. Zaprezentowano również schemat blokowy źródła prądowego, którego jednym z elementów jest symulowany układ.The paper presents the simulation results of semi-controlled rectifier, which combined with current stabilizer forms a current source. Simulations were done using the PSpice, the results relate to output voltage waveforms of the rectifier. Block diagram of a current source containing the simulated system is presented at the end of the paper

Simulation tests of current stabilizer

Praca przedstawia wyniki badań symulacyjnych stabilizatora prądu, który jest głównym elementem wykonawczym stabilnego źródła prądowego, wykonane w programie PSpice. Celem badań jest zweryfikowanie poprawności działania stabilizatora poprzez wyznaczenie parametrów statycznych (m. in. charakterystyka wyjściowa, rezystancja wewnętrzna) oraz dynamicznych (m. in. odpowiedź skokowa, odłączenie zasilania).The paper presents simulation results of current stabilizer, which is the main component of stable current source, made in PSpice. The aim of the study is to verify the proper operation of the stabilizer through the designation of static parameters (i.a. output characteristic, internal resistance) and dynamics (i.a. step response)

Choosing cross section of the cable for currents consisting higher harmonics

W wyniku przekształcenia funkcji poprzez transformatę Fouriera uzyskuje się widmo prążkowe analizowanego sygnału z podziałem na poszczególne harmoniczne. Korzystając z metody składowych symetrycznych można wykazać, że poszczególne harmoniczne odpowiadają składowym zgodnym, przeciwnym i zerowym. Występowanie składowych odpowiadających składowym zerowym jest najbardziej niebezpieczne, ponieważ harmoniczne te sumują się w przewodzie neutralnym instalacji elektrycznej. W artykule przedstawiono sposób doboru przewodów z uwzględnieniem wyższych harmonicznych, wyniki pomiarów prądu pobieranego przez zasilacz komputerowy, a także zaprezentowano działanie arkusza kalkulacyjnego, pozwalającego na dobór przekroju przewodów w zależności od parametrów zasilanego obwodu.The result of Fourier transform is a line spectrum of analyzed signal. By using method of symmetrical components it is possible to show that specified harmonics can be presented as positive, negative and zero components. The occurrence of harmonics which refers to zero components is the most dangerous, because they sum in the neutral wire and cause its additional heating. The article presents a method of choosing cross section of the cable, which conducts currents consisting higher harmonics, presents the result of measurements of current in computer power supply and also possibilities of the spreadsheet program that lets select the cross-section of the neutral wire, depending on parameters of supplied appliance