28 research outputs found

    艢lady archaicznych zwyczaj贸w na przyk艂adzie Ekstremalnej Drogi Krzy偶owej

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    The article presents what celebrating is and how it has evolved to our times. Phenomena which resulted in the crisis of customs at the turn of the 21st century are signaled. Historical events, twists and turn of civilization, and social transformations have caused a departure from the customs of folk tradition near the end of the 20th century. However, folk culture, which is characterized by traditionalism, has preserved many rituals. More and more people are participating, and the need to deepen spiritual religious experiences has led to new initiatives, such as the Extreme Way of the Cross.W artykule przedstawiono, czym jest 艣wi臋towanie oraz jak ewoluowa艂o do naszych czas贸w. Zasygnalizowano zjawiska, kt贸re spowodowa艂y kryzys zwyczaj贸w 艣wi膮tecznych na prze艂omie XX i XXI w. Wydarzenia historyczne, zmiany cywilizacyjne i transformacje spo艂eczne przyczyni艂y si臋 do odej艣cia od zwyczaj贸w tradycji ludowej (zw艂aszcza 艣wi膮tecznej) pod koniec XX w., jednak偶e kultura ludowa, kt贸r膮 cechuje tradycjonalizm, przechowa艂a do naszych czas贸w wiele obrz臋d贸w

    Cleaning of porous polymer materials using supercritical fluids

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    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 do艣wiadczalnych oraz symulacji numerycznych procesu oczyszczania polimerowych materia艂贸w porowatych przy u偶yciu p艂yn贸w w stanie nadkrytycznym. Zbadano wp艂yw parametr贸w operacyjnych na przebieg procesu oraz opracowano i wst臋pnie zweryfikowano model matematyczny, kt贸ry mo偶e by膰 wykorzystany do symulacji i optymalizacji procesu oraz do projektowania aparatury wysokoci艣nieniowej. Wykazano, 偶e p艂yny w stanie nadkrytycznym stanowi膮 efektywne rozpuszczalniki w procesach oczyszczania polimerowych materia艂贸w porowatych.Experimental results and numerical simulations of porous polymer material cleaning process using supercritical fluids are presented in the paper. An influence of process parameters on the process course was investigated and a mathematical model was developed and validated. The model can be used for process investigation and optimization, and also for high pressure equipment design. It was proven that supercritical fluids are effective solvents in porous polymer material cleaning processes

    Hydrodynamics of supercritical fluid flow in polymer membrane purification process

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    Praca dotyczy metody modelowania hydrodynamiki przep艂ywu p艂ynu w stanie nadkrytycznym przez modu艂 ekstrakcyjny podczas procesu oczyszczania porowatych membran polimerowych. Przedstawiono spos贸b wyznaczania parametr贸w modelu oraz zaprezentowano i om贸wiono przyk艂adowe wyniki symulacji. Potwierdzono u偶yteczno艣膰 CFD do modelowania hydrodynamiki uk艂adu zar贸wno dla potrzeb projektowania aparat贸w ekstrakcyjnych, jak i dla rozwoju metod modelowania procesu oczyszczania membran.The study is dedicated to hydrodynamics modeling of a supercritical fluid flowing through an extraction module used for purification of porous membranes. A method for determination of model parameters is shown and exemplary simulation results are presented and discussed. Usability of CFD in hydrodynamics modeling was confirmed for the support of extraction equipment design and for the development of modeling methods of membrane purification

    Modelling of the Ostwald ripening process using population balance

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    Modelowano proces starzenia Ostwalda stosuj膮c r贸偶ne metody rozwi膮zywania r贸wnania bilansu populacji. Dla przypadku zawiesin kryszta艂贸w siarczanu baru symulowano proces starzenia u偶ywaj膮c dok艂adnej metody klas oraz metod kwadraturo wy ch. W pracy por贸wnano wyniki symulacji uzyskane tymi metodami i przedyskutowano trudno艣ci i niedoskona艂o艣ci metod kwadraturowych stosowanych do opisu zjawiska starzenia.Experimental data concerningjet type outflow from a vessel and geometry of liquid stream outflowing from cracks of different shapes were presented in the paper. A phenomenon of 180掳 turn of liquid stream outflowing from tank cracks for every examined cracks shape and liquids were observed. A distance from the crack in tank wall to the turn point depended on the crack absolute length and vessel overpressure. The mathematical description of phenomenon was proposed

    Uk艂ad do艣wiadczalny do oczyszczania porowatych membran polimerowych przy u偶yciu p艂yn贸w w stanie nadkrytycznym

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    The design, operation modes and extension options of an experimental system for testing porous polymer membrane cleaning using supercritical fluids are presented in the paper. The system enables one to carry out batch and continuous cleaning applying supercritical carbon dioxide, organic solvent or mixtures thereof. The system can be extended in order to allow the carbon dioxide recirculation. The experimental results can be used for validation of CFD models.W pracy przedstawiono konstrukcj臋, tryby pracy oraz mo偶liwo艣ci rozbudowy uk艂adu do艣wiadczalnego do badania oczyszczania porowatych membran polimerowych. Uk艂ad umo偶liwia realizacj臋 okresowych i ci膮g艂ych proces贸w oczyszczania z zastosowaniem dwutlenku w臋gla w stanie nadkrytycznym, rozpuszczalnika organicznego lub ich mieszanin. Uk艂ad mo偶e zosta膰 rozbudowany w celu umo偶liwienia recyrkulacji dwutlenku w臋gla w obiegu. Wyniki do艣wiadczalne mog膮 zosta膰 u偶yte do walidacji modeli CFD

    Foaming of PCL-Based Composites Using scCO<sub>2</sub>鈥擝iocompatibility and Evaluation for Biomedical Applications

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    The process of foaming poly(caprolactone)-based composite materials using supercritical carbon dioxide was analyzed, especially in terms of the biocompatibility of the resultant materials. The influence of foaming process conditions and composite material properties on the functional properties of polymer solid foams, intended for artificial scaffolds for bone cell culture, was investigated. The relationship between wettability (contact angle) and water absorption rate as a result of the application of variable conditions for the production of porous structures was presented. For the evaluation of potential cytotoxicity, the MTT and PrestoBlue tests were carried out, and animal cells (mouse fibroblasts) were cultured on the materials for nine days. There was no toxic effect of composite materials made of poly(caprolactone) containing porogen particles: hydroxyapatite, crystalline nanocellulose, and graphene oxide on cells. The desired effect of the porogens used in the foaming process on the affinity of cells to the resultant material was demonstrated. The tested materials have been shown to be biocompatible and suitable for applications in biomedical engineering

    Foaming of PCL-Based Composites Using scCO2: Structure and Physical Properties

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    The process of foaming poly(caprolactone)-based composites using supercritical carbon dioxide was analyzed. The impact of the conditions of the solid-foam production process on the process efficiency and properties of porous structures was investigated. The novel application of various types of porogens&mdash;hydroxyapatite, nanocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and graphene oxide&mdash;was tested in order to modify the properties and improve the quality of solid foams, increasing their usefulness in specialized practical applications. The study showed a significant influence of the foaming process conditions on the properties of solid foams. The optimal process parameters were determined to be pressure 18 MPa, temperature 70 &deg;C, and time 1 h in order to obtain structures with appropriate properties for applications in biomedical engineering, and the most promising material for their production was selected: a composite containing 5% hydroxyapatite or 0.2% graphene oxide

    The effect of capillary pumping on the course of cleaning porous materials containing liquid contaminants using supercritical fluids: A pore network study

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    The role of capillary pumping on the course of cleaning porous materials containing liquid contam-inants using supercritical fluids was investigated numerically. As a specific process to be modelled, cleaning of porous membranes, contaminated with soybean oil, using supercritical carbon dioxide as the cleaning fluid (solvent) was considered. A 3D pore-network model, developed as an extension of a 2D drying model, was used for performing pore scale simulations. The influence of various process parameters, including the coordination number of the pore network, the computational domain size, and the external flow mass transfer resistance, on the strength of the capillary pumping effect was investigated. The capillary pumping effect increases with increasing domain size and decreasing ex -ter nal flow mass transfer resistance. For low coordination numbers of the pore network, the capillary pumping effect is not noticeable at macro scale, while for high coordination numbers, the opposite trend is observed - capillary pumping may influence the process at macro scale. In the investigated system, the coordination number of the pore network seems to be low, as no capillary pumping effects were observed at macro scale during experimental investigation and macro-scale modelling of the membrane cleaning process

    Modeling of heat transfer phenomena in the production process of multi-ingredient vegetable and fruit frozen food

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    Przedstawiono metod臋 modelowania zjawisk wymiany ciep艂a zachodz膮cych w procesie produkcji wielosk艂adnikowych mro偶onek owocowych i warzywnych na przemys艂owej linii produkcyjnej. Modele matematyczne, opracowane dla r贸偶nych etap贸w procesu produkcyjnego, wykorzystano do wykonania symulacji numerycznych badanego procesu produkcyjnego. Przedstawiona metoda mo偶e by膰 wykorzystana do przewidywania temperatury ko艅cowej produktu w zale偶no艣ci od parametr贸w operacyjnych, a tak偶e do optymalizacji procesu produkcji mro偶onek.The paper presents a method of modeling heat transfer phenomena occurring in the production process of multi-ingredient frozen fruit and vegetables on an industrial production line. Mathematical models developed for various stages of the production process were applied to perform numerical simulations of the production process under study. The presented method can be used to predict the final temperature of the product depending on operational parameters, as well as to optimize the production process of frozen foods
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