Implementation of Efficient Energy Policy in Russia: Energy Consumption Monitoring and Problem Analysis

The implementation of an efficient energy policy in Russia as an integral part of the social and economic strategy as a whole gives a high profile to the issues of energy consumption monitoring. The importance of the energy sector to the industrial development of all Russian regions requires close attention to the accounting and rational use of energy resources in order to reduce the energy dependence of all industries and make Russian economy less energy-intensive whilst more energy-efficient. The analysis of strategic documents in the field of energy saving proves the importance of the Russian Federation, which is one of the leaders of the world energy sector. The purpose of the article is to study the energy aspects of energy consumption in the regions of the Russian Federation, to conduct their comparative analysis and evaluation, and to identify problems in the supply of energy resources. The methods of research applied to study this problem include data collection and synthesis methods; a balance method; a time-series method; tabular and graphical methods of the study results visualization. The article presents the dynamics of electricity consumption in the regions of the Russian Federation broken down by federal districts and macro-regions set out in the Russian Federation spatial development strategy; also, the consumption balance by types of energy resources is provided for various fuels. In addition, it provides a brief description of the Russian integrated power system operation reflecting the generation and consumption of electricity among the main power systems of the country. Based on the analysis of Russia's energy development forecast, using scenario approaches, the article concludes that the energy efficiency of the national economy requires improvement and there is a need to implement energy-saving projects. The information contained herein is of practical value for the professionals involved in the analysis and evaluation of energy resources consumption and assessment of their contribution to the national economy. The results of the study reveal fundamental differences in the consumption and use of energy resources throughout Russia's regions. Keywords: energy resources monitoring, energy consumption, energy security, energy saving, energy strategy. JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.796

Content Analysis of Studies Conducted on STEM Education from 2010 to 2020: Perspective of Emerging Technologies in Learning

The purpose of this study is to analyses the studies about science, technol-ogy, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in the world by using the content analysis method and to reveal the trend in the field. In this study, which was carried out in a survey design to analyses the articles pub-lished in the Institute for Scientific Information web of science database be-tween 2010 and May 2020 and to determine the research trends of the arti-cles published in this direction, 100 articles selected by criterion sampling method were examined. In the selection of articles, attention was paid to in-clude studies on ‘STEM Education’ with respect to perspective of emerging technologies in learning. After examining the articles, the articles were analyses by content analysis method. The articles were examined in terms of descriptive information about the identity of the article, cate-gory field, article subject area, method, sample, data collection tools, data analysis methods and discussion size. The research data were interpreted based on the percentage and frequency findings, and data were presented as tables and graphs. According to the research data, it was determined that the highest number of publications was published be-tween 2016 and 2018, mostly studies with 2 authors were conducted, and almost all of them were written in English. In addition, it was determined that the number of hypotheses was mostly 2 or 3, and STEM education as a subject area was mostly han-dled covering all its dimensions, whereas mathematics and science educa-tion took second place. It was also observed that the experimental model and the mixed method were used extensively in the studies, and the written sources were frequently used as data collection tools. It was concluded that one-third of the sample level was primary education level studies, the sam-ple selection method was purposeful sampling, and the discussion size was 3 or 4. Based on the current research analysis, the pro-file and trends of the articles were monitored and important recommendations were made in the framework contributing to scientific research

Digital Transformation in Education: Teacher Candidate Views on Mobile Learning

The number of technological tools used in education is increasing day by day. Studies on mobile learning have increased in recent years. Future teachers’ views on mobile learning are very important. In line with this purpose, the opinions of teacher candidates on mobile learning were taken by using qualitative research method in order to determine in detail their views on mobile learning. The participants of the study consists of 61 teacher candidates studying at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Kazan National Research Technological University and Kazan (Volga region) Federal University. The opinions of pre-service teachers selected on the basis of voluntarism were analysed by content analysis method. The research questions were prepared by the researchers by taking expert opinion. The findings obtained as a result of the research are given in detail in the findings and results section

α-Conotoxins and α-Cobratoxin Promote, while Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Suppress the Proliferation of Glioma C6 Cells

Among the brain tumors, glioma is the most common. In general, different biochemical mechanisms, involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and the arachidonic acid cascade are involved in oncogenesis. Although the engagement of the latter in survival and proliferation of rat C6 glioma has been shown, there are practically no data about the presence and the role of nAChRs in C6 cells. In this work we studied the effects of nAChR antagonists, marine snail α-conotoxins and snake α-cobratoxin, on the survival and proliferation of C6 glioma cells. The effects of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors either alone or together with α-conotoxins and α-cobratoxin were studied in parallel. It was found that α-conotoxins and α-cobratoxin promoted the proliferation of C6 glioma cells, while nicotine had practically no effect at concentrations below 1 µL/mL. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a nonspecific lipoxygenase inhibitor, and baicalein, a 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor, exerted antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on C6 cells. nAChR inhibitors weaken this effect after 24 h cultivation but produced no effects at longer times. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA for α4, α7, β2 and β4 subunits of nAChR were expressed in C6 glioma cells. This is the first indication for involvement of nAChRs in mechanisms of glioma cell proliferation