Indocyanine green as a prospective sensitizer for photodynamic therapy of melanomas

Spectroscopic, photochemical and biological properties of indocyanine green (ICG) are presented. Light over 800 nm is effectively absorbed by ICG. This property as well as photochemical behaviour of ICG make it a very suitable dye for photodynamic treatment of melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity of ICG itself and the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) were evaluated by following the growth of human (SKMEL 188) and mouse (S91) melanoma cells. The surviving fraction of the cells irradiated (lambda(ex) = 830 nm) vs non-irradiated, treated with the same dose of ICG, is significantly decreased (5- to 10-fold). These results show that ICG is a very promising dye for photodynamic therapy of melanomas

A diagram showing all proteins regulated in proton-irradiated BLM cells.

<p>The level of 17 proteins changed (>1.5×) in comparison with control. Thirteen proteins were upregulated (in black) and 4 were downregulated (in red). Here they are presented in four, not exclusive, groups: i) DNA repair and stress, ii) proliferation and survival control, iii) metabolic and iv) connected to motility and the cytoskeleton. ACTN 4 - α Actinin 4, Caprin-1 - Cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1, FAB-2 - Far upstream element binding protein 2, G3BP1 - RasGAP SH3-domain-binding protein 1, GADPH - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, MCM-7– Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7, Moesin - Actin-regulatory protein, MVP - Major Vault Protein, PDCD6 - Programmed cell death 6, or apoptosis-linked gene-2, STRAP - Serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein, TIM - Triosephosphate isomerase, VCP – Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase.</p

List of differentially regulated proteins from a comparison of proton beam irradiated and unirradiated BLM cells.

<p>Spots were compared by 2D stained with Colloidal Coomassie and proteins were identified using LC-MS/MS.</p><p>^a The spot location is shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084621#pone-0084621-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a> ad 3.</p><p>^b Protein accession number from the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot nonredundant protein database.</p><p>^c obtained sequence coverage.</p><p>^d Ratio calculated in relation to unirradiated control group.</p

The zoomed changes in the level of spots identified by MS in the two groups.

<p>Left panel – control group, Right panel –3 Gy irradiated group. Spot numbers as listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084621#pone-0084621-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p