A hierarchy of models related to nanoflows and surface diffusion

In last years a great interest was brought to molecular transport problems at nanoscales, such as surface diffusion or molecular flows in nano or sub-nano-channels. In a series of papers V. D. Borman, S. Y. Krylov, A. V. Prosyanov and J. J. M. Beenakker proposed to use kinetic theory in order to analyze the mechanisms that determine mobility of molecules in nanoscale channels. This approach proved to be remarkably useful to give new insight on these issues, such as density dependence of the diffusion coefficient. In this paper we revisit these works to derive the kinetic and diffusion models introduced by V. D. Borman, S. Y. Krylov, A. V. Prosyanov and J. J. M. Beenakker by using classical tools of kinetic theory such as scaling and systematic asymptotic analysis. Some results are extended to less restrictive hypothesis

Формування матеріально-технічних умов проведення місцевих виборів в Україні

Крилов Ю. В. Формування матеріально-технічних умов проведення місцевих виборів в Україні / Ю. В. Крилов // Правові та інституційні механізми забезпечення розвитку держави та права в умовах євроінтеграції : матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (20 травня 2016 р., м. Одеса) : у 2 т. Т. 1 / відп. ред. М. В. Афанасьєва. - Одеса : Юридична література, 2016. - С. 267-269

Molecular random walks and invariance group of the Bogolyubov equation

Statistics of molecular random walks in a fluid is considered with the help of the Bogolyubov equation for generating functional of distribution functions. An invariance group of solutions to this equation as functions of the fluid density is discovered. It results in many exact relations between probability distribution of the path of a test particle and its irreducible correlations with the fluid. As the consequence, significant restrictions do arise on possible shapes of the path distribution. In particular, the hypothetical Gaussian form of its long-range asymptotic proves to be forbidden (even in the Boltzmann-Grad limit). Instead, a diffusive asymptotic is allowed which possesses power-law long tail (cut off by ballistic flight length).Comment: 23 pages, no figures, LaTeX AMSART, author's translation from Russian of the paper accepted to the TMPh (``Theoretical and mathematical physics''

FARNESYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (FDRS) AND GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GGSP1) GENE POLYMORPHISMS AND EFFICIENCY OF THERAPY WITH BISPHOSPHONATES IN RUSSIAN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS: A PILOT STUDY

Genetic factors that are an important hereditary component determining a predisposition to osteoporosis (OP) are 60–80% responsible for bone mineral density (BMD). Some polymorphic genes have been previously shown to affect the efficiency of performed anti-osteoporotic therapy.Objective: to study the impact of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDRS) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGSPI) gene polymorphisms on BMD changes during 12-month therapy with bisphosphonates (BP) in women with postmenopausal OP.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 53 women with OP. Spine and proximal femur BMD was determined using X-ray densitometry before and after BP treatment. The -99A/C and -8188T ins/del polymorphisms in the FDPS and GGPS1 genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. The BMD changes were less marked in women with the C allele of C/T -99/C polymorphism in the FDPS gene than those in carriers of the genotype AA: 2.3±3.6 and 4.4±3.8% (р = 0.062) in the spine; 0.6±3.1 and 2.8±4.5% (р = 0.075) in the femoral neck; 0.5±2.9 and 2.5±2.8% (р = 0.020) in the entire femur, respectively. Femoral neck densitometry showed a significantly weaker response to BP treatment in the patients carrying the mutant genotype del/del of GGSP1 -8188T ins/del polymorphism than in those with the wild-type genotype ins/ins (0.8±4.2 and 4.1±2.5%, respectively; р = 0.030). No significant differences for this polymorphism were found in other areas of BMD measurement.Conclusion. The described pilot study has indicated that the examined FDPS and GGSP1 gene polymorphisms may be predictors for a response to BP therapy in patients with OP. Further investigations that will contribute to the choice of the most effective therapy for this disease are needed to confirm our results

The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem: 50 years of progress

A brief review of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) paradox is given, together with its suggested resolutions and its relation to other physical problems. We focus on the ideas and concepts that have become the core of modern nonlinear mechanics, in their historical perspective. Starting from the first numerical results of FPU, both theoretical and numerical findings are discussed in close connection with the problems of ergodicity, integrability, chaos and stability of motion. New directions related to the Bose-Einstein condensation and quantum systems of interacting Bose-particles are also considered.Comment: 48 pages, no figures, corrected and accepted for publicatio

ИСХОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ У ПОСТРАДАВШИХ С СОЧЕТАННОЙ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМОЙ НА ГОСПИТАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ

INTRODUCTION. The development of prognostic criteria in brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries is necessary for treatment results definition, getting of priority rating, establishment time and volume of care, for active management of clinical process and timely complications warning.PURPOSE. To determine outcomes and predictive value of risk factors in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries in-hospital stage of medical care.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Retrospective analysis was performed in 1634 patients who were underwent surgery due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). There were 22,1% patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries. Using statistical analysis we determined relationships between outcomes and clinical and instrumental signs, obtained during the examination of patients.RESULTS. The extracranial risk factors in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries were: ISS 40 and over, multiple extracranial injuries, spinal or abdominal injury, age 70 and over, arterial hypoxemia and hypotension, complications in postoperative period. The intracranial risk factors were: GCS score 12 and less, oculomotor nerve dysfunction, abnormal pupil reactivity, pathological motor responses or diffuse muscular tone reducing, brain herniation at the stage of midbrain or pons clinically, brain lesions volume over 90 cm3 , lateral dislocation over 10 mm, absence of basal cisterns on CT scan, VCC-2 less than 8%, brain expansion during surgery.CONCLUSION. Prognostic criteria identified by statistical analysis can be used to assess outcome prognosis at the early stages of medical care in patients with brain trauma associated with extracranial injuries. ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Разработка прогностических критериев исхода при сочетанной черепно-мозговой травме (СЧМТ) необходима для определения возможных результатов лечения, установления очередности, сроков и объема оказания медицинской помощи, для активного управления лечебно-диагностическим процессом и своевременного предупреждения осложнений.ЦЕЛЬ. Определить исходы лечения у пострадавших с тяжелой СЧМТ и прогностическую значимость факторов риска неблагоприятного исхода на этапе оказания неотложной помощи в стационаре.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Ретроспективно обследованы 1634 пострадавших, оперированных по поводу тяжелой ЧМТ. Пострадавшие с СЧМТ составили 22,1% от общего числа больных с тяжелой ЧМТ. С помощью методов статистического анализа определяли наличие и силу взаимосвязи между исходом хирургического лечения и признаками, полученными при клинико-инструментальном обследовании пациентов.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Внечерепными факторами риска развития неблагоприятного исхода у пострадавших с СЧМТ стали: тяжесть сочетанной травмы 40 и более баллов по шкале ISS, наличие множественных внечерепных повреждений, позвоночно-спинальной травмы или травмы органов брюшной полости, возраст пострадавших старше 70 лет, наличие эпизодов гипоксемии и артериальной гипотензии и развитие осложнений в послеоперационном периоде. Внутричерепными факторами риска были: угнетение уровня бодрствования до сопора и комы, наличие глазодвигательных расстройств, нарушений зрачковых реакций, патологических двигательных реакций в ответ на болевой раздражитель или диффузной мышечной гипотонии, стадия развития дислокационного синдрома на уровне среднего мозга и моста, объем очага повреждения мозга более 90 см3 , латеральная дислокация более 10 мм, выраженная и грубая степень аксиальной дислокации, величина второго вентрикуло-краниального коэффициента (ВКК-2) менее 8%, наличие отека мозга во время операции.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Выявленные в ходе проведенного статистического анализа прогностические критерии неблагоприятного исхода могут быть использованы в оценке прогноза на ранних этапах оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с СЧМТ.