Efficiency management of educational systems development: Approaches and criteria

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the need to assess the ongoing educational reforms’ implementation, to identify effective strategies, models, mechanisms and technologies. The aim of the paper is to determine the expected criteria and obtained results’ efficiency of the systems’ operation in conditions of high variability of external and internal environment. The paper describes the variety of cycles of the educational system on the example of university training that involves the principle of iteration using in educational development’s management. The authors present certain criteria for management of educational development from the standpoint of functional efficiency of the system defining the management contour of development’s efficiency. This paper is intended for researchers and specialists in the field of educational management at all levels

Ontogenetic Development of Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Language Processing

During the last 20 years, new data on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying different types of cognitive activity, especially speech and its ontogenetic formation, were obtained in the Laboratory of Children’s Neurophysiology headed by Prof. M.N. Tsitseroshin. Using the analysis of the spatial-temporal structure of regional interactions of cortical bioelectric potentials (so-called functional connectivity), we investigated how specific language levels, such as phonology, grammar, and semantics, are represented in the brain. The data obtained in children vs. adults indicate that the speech perception and production require joint and extremely coordinated activities of both hemispheres, along with the obligatory and differentiated involvement of “classic” speech centers in the left hemisphere, especially Wernicke’s area. Another line of our research is to explore the differences, which arise during verbal processing in adults and children with impaired vs. non-impaired speech, particularly with alalia, dysarthria and stuttering, using behavioral and EEG data. Our data obtained in children vs. adults allow assessing the degree of maturity in the organization of the central processes of maintaining the studied types of verbal activity in children of different ages. These data allow expanding modern concepts about the brain mechanisms of verbal activity in children in the norm and pathology

Automatic morphology phenotyping of tetra- and hexaploid wheat spike using computer vision methods

Intraspecific classification of cultivated plants is necessary for the conservation of biological diversity, study of their origin and their phylogeny. The modern cultivated wheat species originated from three wild diploid ancestors as a result of several rounds of genome doubling and are represented by di-, tetra- and hexaploid species. The identification of wheat ploidy level is one of the main stages of their taxonomy. Such classification is possible based on visual analysis of the wheat spike traits. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of spikes for hexa- and tetraploid wheat species based on the method of high-performance phenotyping. Phenotyping of the quantitative characteristics of the spike of 17 wheat species (595 plants, 3348 images), including eight tetraploids (Triticum aethiopicum, T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. durum, T. militinae, T. polonicum, T. timopheevii, and T. turgidum) and nine hexaploids (T. compactum, T. aestivum, i:ANK-23 (near-isogenic line of T. aestivum cv. Novosibirskaya 67), T. antiquorum, T. spelta (including cv. Rother Sommer Kolben), T. petropavlovskyi, T. yunnanense, T. macha, T. sphaerococcum, and T. vavilovii), was performed. Wheat spike morphology was described on the basis of nine quantitative traits including shape, size and awns area of the spike. The traits were obtained as a result of image analysis using the WERecognizer program. A cluster analysis of plants according to the characteristics of the spike shape and comparison of their distributions in tetraploid and hexaploid species showed a higher variability of traits in hexaploid species compared to tetraploid ones. At the same time, the species themselves form two clusters in the visual characteristics of the spike. One type is predominantly hexaploid species (with the exception of one tetraploid, T. dicoccoides). The other group includes tetraploid ones (with the exception of three hexaploid ones, T. compactum, T. antiquorum, T. sphaerococcum, and i:ANK-23). Thus, it has been shown that the morphological characteristics of spikes for hexaploid and tetraploid wheat species, obtained on the basis of computer analysis of images, include differences, which are further used to develop methods for plant classifications by ploidy level and their species in an automatic mode

Earliness and morphotypes of common wheat cultivars of Western and Eastern Siberia

The global and local climate changes determine the producing of highly-adaptive common (bread) wheat commercial cultivars of a new generation whose optimal earliness matches the climatic features of the territory where the cultivars are farmed. Principal component analysis involving our own and published data has been applied to investigate 98 commercial common wheat cultivars from Western and Eastern Siberia comparing their morphotypes; cultivar zoning time; length of the vegetation period; 1000-grain weight, and inheritance of spring growth habit. It demonstrated that the dominant Vrn gene polymorphism determining the spring growth habit of the Siberian cultivars was minimally polymorphic. In 75 % of the tested cultivars, the spring growth habit was controlled by digenic, namely dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 genes. In 25 % of them (24 cultivars), spring growth habit is controlled by a single gene. In 19 and 5 of these cultivars spring growth habit is controlled by only one dominant gene, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-A1, respectively. In cv. Tulun 15, a trigenic control was identified. A conclusion about the optimality of the digenic control for the climatic conditions of both Western and Eastern Siberia has been confirmed. However, since none of the tested cultivars had the dominant Vrn-D1 gene typical of the regions of China and Central Asia bordering Siberia, it can be considered as an additional argument in favor of the European origin of Siberian common wheat cultivars. The revealed high frequency of the Vrn-B1c allele in the Western Siberian cultivars and the Vrn-B1a allele in the Eastern Siberian cultivars suggests their selectivity. The analysis also confirmed the dominance of red glume (ferrugineum, milturum) and awned spike (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) varieties in the Eastern Siberian cultivars, and white glume and awnedless spike (lutescens and albidum) ones in the Western Siberian cultivars. Small grain size cultivars are more typical of Eastern than Western Siberia. The retrospective analysis based on the cultivars’ zoning time included in the “State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage” brought us to the conclusion that the earliness/lateness of modern Siberian commercial cultivars was not regionally but rather zonally-associated (taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones)

A Comparison of the Postural Balance in Professional Hockey Players and Novices

The dynamics of a hockey player’s stance is considered. For its analysis, the authors propose to use changes in the angles in the knee and hip joints as marker indicators. Using the positional tracking systems DTrack2 and SteamVR Tracking 2.0, a pilot study of the static characteristics of the stance in hockey players compared with beginners was carried out. It was revealed that professional hockey players, while maintaining the stance, are characterized by a greater amplitude of fluctuations than beginners who had no experience in playing hockey. Experienced hockey players had characteristic changes in the angles in the joints. There was no difference in the selected marker values.Рассмотрена динамика стойки хоккеиста. Для ее анализа авторы предлагают использовать в качестве маркерных показателей изменения углов в коленных и тазобедренных суставах. Выявлено, что профессиональные хоккеисты при сохранении стойки характеризуются большей амплитудой колебаний, чем новички, которые не имели опыта игры в хоккей. Опытные хоккеисты имели характерные изменения углов в суставах. Разницы в выбранных маркерных величинах не наблюдалось.Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект № 19-78-10134

Modelling the Process of Forming Economic Competence in Students of Polytechnic College in the Situation of Informatization of Education

The model of forming the economic competence of the students of polytechnic college is described in the article. The attention is focused on the use of the information and communication technologies in teaching economics. The results of the experimental work on enhancing the level of forming economic competence of students of professional education are given

Evaluation by future bachelors directions of training "Physical culture" formation of universal competences

Introduction. The article contains: analysis of scientific works in the field of higher education pedagogy on the formation of universal competencies; an experimental study to assess the formation of universal competencies in future bachelors. The modern professional pedagogical community constantly demonstrates that the presence of universal competencies is decisive for graduates of higher education. At the moment, there is no clear idea of the formation and assessment of universal competencies, in particular for bachelors of physical education.Materials and Methods. We have developed materials for evaluation the future bachelors of universal competencies and conducted an experimental study. For each of the universal competencies, the average value of the assessment, the standard deviation, the confidence interval for the average assessment are determined, the results of the correlation analysis are presented.Results. The data we obtained showed, that the average values of assessments by future bachelors of the direction of training "Physical culture" of universal competencies (the ability to: maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full social and professional activity; search, critical analysis and synthesis of information, apply a systematic approach to solve the tasks; build an individual trajectory of self-development; perceive the intercultural diversity of society; formulate a range of tasks, achieve goals, choosing the best solutions; the ability to conduct business communication in a foreign language) are within 2.97 points - 3.86 points on a 5-point scale.Discussion and Conclusions. Our study shows that the level of formation of the universal competencies of students of the program 49.03.01 “Physical Education” is insufficient. The formation of universal competencies is possible not only in the educational process, but also in scientific research, industrial practices, as part of extracurricular activities. The formation of universal competencies for future bachelors in the educational process of higher education will help to increase the level of knowledge, skills and experience of creative activity in the professional field: search and critical analysis of information; the ability to set goals and determine the range of tasks; communicate effectively in the teamwork, not only with Russian, but also with foreign colleagues; managing time and shaping individual development path; maintain the necessary level of physical activity to achieve professional and social goals. The results of the assessment of the formation of universal competencies of future bachelors are considered by us as an opportunity to improve the modern basic educational program

Forming Information Competence of Technical Students in Context-Based Teaching

The article considers the concept of information competence of technical students. The description of stages of forming structural components of information competence in context-based training is submitted. The results of the experiment on forming information competence of future metallurgists are given