Zooarchaeological record of the last hunter-gatherers of the steppe region of Eastern Europe

International audienc

Correctional abilities of regular muscle activity in relation to erythrocytes' microrheological features of rats with experimentally developed hypertension

Difficulties in the early stage detection of erythrocytes' microrheological abnormalities during the development of hypertension are connected with falling out of clinicians' point of view of persons with first signs of this pathology. It dictates the necessity of experimental investigations on laboratory animals with just developed hypertension in them. Earlier at this pathology, it was observed the high efficiency of non-medication impacts in relation to the lowering of arterial pressure and weakening of thrombocyte and vascular dysfunctions. At the same time, there is still no clarity on the question about the impact of regular exercise on erythrocytes' microrheological features at the beginning of hypertension development. About 87 healthy male rats of Wistar line at the age of 2.5-3 months were taken into the investigation. Twenty-nine animals out of them had experienced no impacts and composed the control group. Fifty-eight rats had hypertension developed by prescribing them cardio angionefo pathogenic semisynthetic diet. Then these rats were casually divided into experimental (31 rats) group and control group (27 rats). Rats from the experimental group during 60 subsequent days experienced daily exercise on a horizontal treadmill. Various subjects like biochemical, hematological, and statistical methods were used for investigation. As the hypertension development, the rats turned out to have a stable developing increase of systolic and diastolic pressure. At regular exercise, on the treadmill, the rats were noted to have a gradual decrease of their values during 60 days of investigation to the level of the norm. During hypertension development lipids' peroxidation activated in rats' erythrocytes because of activity weakening of their antioxidant protection. On the background of muscle activity in rats with hypertension the content of lipids' peroxidation products in erythrocytes progressively decreased, and by the 60th day of the experiment, they reached the control level of healthy rats. At hypertension development in rats, a reliable decrease of erythrocytes-discocytes quantity in blood was found. It was accompanied by an increase of reversibly and irreversibly changed erythrocytes' quantity in examined animals' blood. Their values were returning to control the level of healthy rats during 60 days of regular muscle activity. At hypertension development in rats, a quick rise of erythrocytes' sum in aggregate was found, and the rise in these aggregates' quantity was due to the decrease of free erythrocytes' number. Their quantity returned to control values at the end of 60 days of exercise. During experimental hypertension modeling, we noticed very early in rats' blood decrease of erythrocytes-discocytes' quantity, the rise of their reversibly and irreversibly level varieties with the strengthening of their aggregative ability. It takes place in the background of the weakening of erythrocytes' antioxidant protection and activation of lipids' peroxidation in them. Regular lasting muscle activity can eliminate existing erythrocytes' microrheological features' abnormalities in rats with recently developed hypertension

Zooarchaeological record of the last hunter-gatherers of the steppe region of Eastern Europe

International audienc

Correctional abilities of regular muscle activity in relation to erythrocytes' microrheological features of rats with experimentally developed hypertension

Difficulties in the early stage detection of erythrocytes' microrheological abnormalities during the development of hypertension are connected with falling out of clinicians' point of view of persons with first signs of this pathology. It dictates the necessity of experimental investigations on laboratory animals with just developed hypertension in them. Earlier at this pathology, it was observed the high efficiency of non-medication impacts in relation to the lowering of arterial pressure and weakening of thrombocyte and vascular dysfunctions. At the same time, there is still no clarity on the question about the impact of regular exercise on erythrocytes' microrheological features at the beginning of hypertension development. About 87 healthy male rats of Wistar line at the age of 2.5-3 months were taken into the investigation. Twenty-nine animals out of them had experienced no impacts and composed the control group. Fifty-eight rats had hypertension developed by prescribing them cardio angionefo pathogenic semisynthetic diet. Then these rats were casually divided into experimental (31 rats) group and control group (27 rats). Rats from the experimental group during 60 subsequent days experienced daily exercise on a horizontal treadmill. Various subjects like biochemical, hematological, and statistical methods were used for investigation. As the hypertension development, the rats turned out to have a stable developing increase of systolic and diastolic pressure. At regular exercise, on the treadmill, the rats were noted to have a gradual decrease of their values during 60 days of investigation to the level of the norm. During hypertension development lipids' peroxidation activated in rats' erythrocytes because of activity weakening of their antioxidant protection. On the background of muscle activity in rats with hypertension the content of lipids' peroxidation products in erythrocytes progressively decreased, and by the 60th day of the experiment, they reached the control level of healthy rats. At hypertension development in rats, a reliable decrease of erythrocytes-discocytes quantity in blood was found. It was accompanied by an increase of reversibly and irreversibly changed erythrocytes' quantity in examined animals' blood. Their values were returning to control the level of healthy rats during 60 days of regular muscle activity. At hypertension development in rats, a quick rise of erythrocytes' sum in aggregate was found, and the rise in these aggregates' quantity was due to the decrease of free erythrocytes' number. Their quantity returned to control values at the end of 60 days of exercise. During experimental hypertension modeling, we noticed very early in rats' blood decrease of erythrocytes-discocytes' quantity, the rise of their reversibly and irreversibly level varieties with the strengthening of their aggregative ability. It takes place in the background of the weakening of erythrocytes' antioxidant protection and activation of lipids' peroxidation in them. Regular lasting muscle activity can eliminate existing erythrocytes' microrheological features' abnormalities in rats with recently developed hypertension

The zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test as a new tool to assess stress-related behavior and a potential screen for drugs affecting despair-like states

Background: Affective disorders, especially depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent, debilitating mental illnesses. Animal experimental models are a valuable tool in translational affective neuroscience research. A hallmark phenotype of clinical and experimental depression, the learned helplessness, has become a key target for 'behavioral despair'-based animal models of depression. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a promising novel organism for affective disease modeling and CNS drug screening. Despite being widely used to assess stress and anxiety-like behaviors, there are presently no clear-cut despair-like models in zebrafish.New Method: Here, we introduce a novel behavioral paradigm, the zebrafish tail immobilization (ZTI) test, as a potential tool to assess zebrafish despair-like behavior. Conceptually similar to rodent 'despair' models, the ZTI protocol involves immobilizing the caudal half of the fish body for 5 min, leaving the cranial part to move freely, suspended vertically in a small beaker with water.Results: To validate this model, we used exposure to low-voltage electric shock, alarm pheromone, selected antidepressants (sertraline and amitriptyline) and an anxiolytic drug benzodiazepine (phenazepam), assessing the number of mobility episodes, time spent 'moving', total distance moved and other activity measures of the cranial part of the body, using video-tracking. Both electric shock and alarm pheromone decreased zebrafish activity in this test, antidepressants increased it, and phenazepam was inactive. Furthermore, a 5-min ZTI exposure increased serotonin turnover, elevating the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio in zebrafish brain, while electric shock prior to ZTI elevated both this and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratios. In contrast, preexposure to antidepressants sertraline and amitriptyline lowered both ratios, compared to the ZTI test-exposed fish.Comparison with ExistingMethod(s): The ZTI test is the first despair-like experimental model in zebrafish.Conclusions: Collectively, this study suggests the ZTI test as a potentially useful protocol to assess stress-/despairrelated behaviors, potentially relevant to CNS drug screening and behavioral phenotyping of zebrafish