Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Humans:Tale or Myth

Hypoxic Pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) describes the physiological adaptive process of lungs to preserves systemic oxygenation. It has clinical implications in the development of pulmonary hypertension which impacts on outcomes of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. This review examines both acute and chronic hypoxic vasoconstriction focusing on the distinct clinical implications and highlights the role of calcium and mitochondria in acute versus the role of reactive oxygen species and Rho GTPases in chronic HPV. Furthermore it identifies gaps of knowledge and need for further research in humans to clearly define this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism

MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VACCINATION OF CHICKENS

Poultry farming is one of the most promising livestock sectors in the Russian Federation. The leading direction of poultry farming is the breeding of chickens, due to the fact that they are less whimsical in terms of feeding and keeping, that is, they are economically important, and most importantly they are a highly productive bird. In consequence of the foregoing, timely prevention of poultry from various infectious diseases is one of the most important tasks of veterinary specialists. The most common way to prevent these diseases is vaccination of the bird. To date, there are many ways of immunization, such as the alimentary method (it is the simplest, because the vaccine is water-soluble and does not require special equipment, but the drug consumption is large enough), conjunctival method (antigen conjunctiva eyes and it Quickly through the tear-nasal canal penetrates into the nasal cavity, here the mucous membranes of the nose and oropharynx are involved, but this method is quite labor-intensive), the aerosol method (the vaccine hits the surface of mucous membranes Shells, absorbed and causes an immunological reaction), the injection method (subcutaneous, intramuscular injections, in the wing membrane, also quite labor-intensive). The most effective and simple of these methods is the aerosol vaccination method, this is the most cost-effective method of vaccination (minimum expenditure of time, labor and stress of the bird). This method induces good local and immune responses of the body, but, like all methods, it has its disadvantages: not the same dose of vaccine and the risk of not inculcating the bird. It is impossible to select the most effective method of immunization, without a detailed study of the morphological features of the immune system

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ТЕРАПИИ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ДИСТАЛЬНОГО ОТДЕЛА КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

An urgent problem of dairy farming is the fight against diseases of the distal extremities in cows. This work discusses the effectiveness of therapy for lesions of the distal extremities in cattle. It has been shown that the use of the scheme for the treatment of diseases of the distal part of the extremities, including the hoof baths "Dimolom P", made it possible to reduce the number of sick animals in the herd from 10.38% to 4.13% which allows them to be recommended for use in farm conditions.Актуальной проблемой молочного животноводства является борьба с болезнями дистального отдела конечностей у коров. В рукописи представлена эффективность терапии поражений дистального отдела конечностей у крупного рогатого скота. Показано, что применение схемы лечения заболеваний дистального отдела конечностей, включающей копытные ванны «Димолом П», позволило снизить количество больных животных по стаду с 10,38% до 4,13%, что позволяет их рекомендовать для использования в условиях хозяйств

Цитологические исследования передней глазной поверхности с тяжелой формой сухого кератоконъюнктивита у собак

The material presented in this paper contains data on the use of PRP (platelet rich plasma-autologous plasma enriched with platelets) in the treatment of severe forms of KCS (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) dry keratoconjunctivitis dogs'. The proposed method is based on the use of platelet growth factors contained in PRP [1]. Comparison of modern treatment regimens and regimens with the addition of PRP showed sufficient therapeutic efficacy of the latter in the treatment of dry keratoconjunctivitis of dogs and related various keratopathies. When using PRP as part of the complex therapy of KCS, treatment time is reduced, the rate of instillation of antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs is reduced, the period of remission, which is persistent and prolonged, is increased. On the basis of changes in the cytological picture of smears, it is possible to judge the degree of the inflammatory process, the change in the level of lesoproduktsii and the level of regeneration of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye in severe forms of KCS dogs

Сравнительный анализ структуры хирургического шовного материала

Postoperative complications and regeneration of surgical wounds are often due to the use of various suture material, which has several disadvantages. This indicates the unresolved problem of postoperative regeneration of tissues damaged in surgery. The paper presents the features of the microstructure of various suture materialused to connect tissues, and its effect on the pattern of contact inflammation of sutured tissues and, on the whole, on the reparative regeneration of surgical wounds. After joining the tissues with sutures in the wound, the riskof infection decreases, the wound cavity is eliminated, bleeding stops. The combination of tissues is accompanied by the introduction of a foreign structure in them in the form of suture material, which, according to a number of its properties, has a certain degree of severity or lack of invasive properties. Therefore, the problem of tissue connection, as a mandatory component during invasive surgery, remains relevant. The purpose of this study is to study the structure and biocompatibility of various types of surgical suture material. Surgical filaments werestudied using a Hitachi TM ! 1000 scanning electron microscope. The microstructure of the surface of various suture materials was analyzed in the low vacuum Standart Mode and under conditions that reduce charge accumulation ! Charge!Up Reduction Mode. In order to study biocompatibility, diverse animal operations were performed in clinical settings. It has been established that the risk of failure of a seam can be differentdepending on the place of application of the seam and the choice of thread. Therefore, for each surgical intervention, it is necessary to determine the use of a particular suture material, taking into account the condition of the animal being operated on, the surgical wound, the area of application of the suture material, the technique of the operation, the type of animal, the area of the sutured wound, and the individual experience of the surgeon.Послеоперационные осложнения и регенерация операционных ран зачастую по вторичному натяжению обусловлены применением различного шовного материала, обладающего рядом недостатков. Это свидетельствует о нерешенности проблемы послеоперационной регенерации поврежденных тканей в хирургии. В работе приведены особенности микроструктуры различного шовного материала, используемого для соединения тканей, и его влияние на характер проявления контактного воспаления ушиваемых тканей и в целом на репаративную регенерацию операционных ран.После соединения тканей швами в ране уменьшается опасность инфицирования, ликвидируется раневая полость, прекращается кровотечение, тканям обеспечивается покой. Соединение тканей сопровождается введением в них чужеродной структуры в виде шовного материала, который по ряду своих свойств обладает в определенной степени выраженностью или отсутствием инвазивных свойств. Поэтому проблема соединения тканей, как обязательная составляющая при проведении инвазивного оперативного вмешательства продолжает оставаться актуальной.Цель настоящего исследования состоит в изучении структуры и биосовместимости хирургического шовного материала различных видов. Исследование хирургических нитей проведено с использованием сканирующего электронного микроскопа Hitachi TM-1000 проведен анализ микроструктуры поверхности различного шовного материала в низковакуумномрежиме Standart Mode и при условиях, снижающих накопление заряда - Charge-Up Reduction Mode. С целью изучения биосовместимости выполнены разноплановые операции на животных в условиях клиник. Установлено, что риск несостоятельности шва может быть различным в зависимости от места наложения шва и выбора нити.Поэтому для каждого хирургического вмешательства необходимо определять использование конкретного шовного материала с учетом состояния оперируемого животного, операционной раны, области применения шовного материала, техники выполнения операции, вида животного, площади ушиваемой раны, индивидуального опыта хирурга