Gledaj (TV) i uči? Važnost (utjelovljenog) kulturnog kapitala u objašnjenju klasične i digitalne medijske pismenosti

This paper aims to identify whether dimensions of cultural capital affect traditional and media literacy by using survey data collected in 2022 as part of the project Medijsko obrazovanje je važno (N=1033). Using Bourdieu\u27s theoretical framework, three dimensions of cultural capital were operationalised as independent variables: objectified (number of books in the household), embodied (taste in TV programmes), and institutionalised (level of education) cultural capital. Traditional media literacy was operationalised as critical reading of media messages, while digital media literacy was operationalised as creating online digital content. Both of these variables were used as dependent variables in the analysis. Following principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to establish whether cultural capital has explanatory power for both dimensions of media literacy. The results point to the statistically significant role of objectified cultural capital in explaining traditional media literacy, although that explanation’s statistical power remains questionable. Digital media literacy exhibited no statistically significant connection with all three cultural capital dimensions. However, additional analysis points to the relevance of digital skills as a more potent factor in explaining traditional and digital media literacy. Overall, digital capital represents a more relevant distinction factor than users’ classic cultural capital in a contemporary media environment. The implications of this data point to the conclusion that media literacy is primarily shaped through various forms of digital capital, although the role of television should not be neglected when developing future programmes in media literacy.Glavni je cilj ovog rada ustanoviti mogu li različite dimenzije kulturnog kapitala utjecati na razinu klasične i medijske pismenosti na podatcima prikupljenim 2022. godine u sklopu projekta "Medijsko obrazovanje je važno" (N = 1033). Unutar Bourdieuova teorijskog okvira, kao nezavisne varijable operacionalizirane su tri dimenzije kulturnog kapitala: objektificirani, utjelovljeni i institucionalizirani kulturni kapital. Utjelovljeni kulturni kapital predstavljen je kroz ukus u TV programima, a objektificirani kulturni kapital kroz broj knjiga u kućanstvu, dok je institucionalizirani kulturni kapital definiran kao postignuta razina obrazovanja ispitanika. Klasična medijska pismenost operacionalizirana je kao kritičko čitanje medijskih poruka, dok je medijska pismenost u digitalnom okruženju operacionalizirana kao stvaranje online digitalnog sadržaja. Obje su te varijable korištene kao zavisne varijable u analizi. Nakon provedene faktorske analize glavnih komponenti (PCA), provedena je i hijerarhijska regresijska analiza kako bi se utvrdilo ima li kulturni kapital objašnjavajuću moć za obje dimenzije medijske pismenosti. Rezultati upućuju na statistički značajnu ulogu objektificiranog kulturnog kapitala u objašnjavanju klasične medijske pismenosti, iako ostaje upitnom statistička snaga tog objašnjenja. Medijska pismenost u digitalnom okruženju nije pokazala statistički značajnu povezanost s nijednom od triju dimenzija kulturnog kapitala. Međutim, dodatna analiza upućuje na važnost digitalnih vještina kao snažnijeg čimbenika u objašnjavanju klasične i medijske pismenosti u digitalnom okruženju. Sveukupno, digitalni kapital predstavlja relevantniji čimbenik razlikovanja od klasičnoga kulturnog kapitala korisnika u suvremenom medijskom okruženju. Ti podatci upućuju na zaključak kako se medijska pismenost primarno oblikuje kroz različite oblike digitalnog kapitala, no svejedno se uloga televizijskog sadržaja ne bi trebala isključiti iz razvoja budućih programa medijske pismenosti

Magnetic resonance imaging study on temporomandibular joint morphology [Studija o morfologiji čeljusnog zgloba pomoću magnetske rezonancije]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled the accomplishment of a more effective diagnostics of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The sample included 40 patients with clinical symptoms of disc displacement (DD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and 25 subjects included in our study were asymptomatic. DD were diagnosed by clinical examinations which were subsequently confirmed by MRI. DD was found in 18% of the TMJs of the asymptomatic patients. The highest prevalence of total DD without reduction was found in 44.1% of the patients' joints subsequently followed by total DD with reduction comprising 34.9% of the TMJs and by partial DD with reduction comprising 21% of the TMJs. This study may help us clarify the complicated relationship which exists between the radiographic and clinical findings of TMJ disorders

Dental Saggital Classical Tomography and Multi-layer CT in the Planning of Implants

Uspješna implantacija zahtijeva točnu obavijest o stanju alveolarne kosti i o preciznoj lokaciji mandibularnoga kanala u donjoj čeljusti i sinusa u gornjoj čeljusti. Ozljeda neurovaskularnoga snopa unutar kanala rezultira parestezijama lica, a perforacija maksilarnoga sinusa povećava mogućnost upalnih procesa i uzrok je neuspješnih implantacija. Klinička ocjena kao jedina metoda procjene planiranja usatka nije dovoljna. Kada se planira ugraditi usadak, prijeko je potrebno znati visinu i širinu alveolarnoga grebena kako bi se izabralo odgovarajući usadak. Ortopantomografija prikazuje alveolarnu kost u dvije projekcije i ne daje odgovarajuću obavijest o anteriorno posteriornom promjeru alveolarnoga grebena. Ubrzo je shvaćeno da sagitalni slojevi daju odgovarajuću predoperativnu obavijest o stanju i anatomskim pojedinostima alveolarnoga grebena za potrebe planiranja usadaka. U našem izlaganju prikazujemo dva moguća načina prikaza sagitalnih slojeva kroz gornju i donju čeljust upotrebom specijaliziranog ortopan uređaja uz usporedbu s višeslojnim CT-om. Objema se metodama odgovarajuće prikazuju željene pojedinosti.Successful implantation requires information on the condition of the alveolar bone and precise location of the mandibular canal in the lower jaw and the sinus in the upper jaw. Injury to the neurovascular bundle in the canal results in facial paresthesia, while perforation of the maxillary sinus increases the possibility of inflammatory processes and is the cause of unsuccessful implantation. Clinical evaluation, as the only method of assessment for planning an implant is insufficient. For implant planning knowledge of the height and width of the alveolar ridge is essential for the choice of an adequate implant. Orthopantomography shows the alveolar bone in two projections and does not provide adequate information on the anterior posterior diameter of the alveolar ridge. It was soon realised that saggital layers give the relevant preoperative information on the condition and anatomic details of the alveolar ridge for implant planning. In our presentation we present two possible ways of showing saggital layers through the upper and lower jaws by the use of a specialised device and comparison with a multi-layer CT. Both methods adequately show the desired details

Ultrasound of Salivary Glands

Ultrazvuk je jednostavna i neinvazivna metoda, neškodljiva za bolesnika, razmjerno je jednostavna i pruža mogućnost da se pregled ponovi. Omogućuje brz uvid u morfologiju žlijezda slinovnica. Sama metoda se temelji na transmisiji energije u žlijezdano tkivo, primanju te energije pošto je ona bila reflektirana od tkiva, te njezina bilježenja, tako da se može interpretirati. Budući da se kod bolesti mijenja veličina, oblik i hitološka građa, mijenja se i ehostruktura same slinovnice. Na temelju te promjene zaključuje se da je riječ o patološkom procesu. Cilj je da ultrazvuk odmah nakon kliničkoga pregleda postane prva pretraga u dijagnostičkome postupku. Kod upalno promijenjenih žlijezda slinovnica, na temelju ehogenosti može se razlikovati akutna od kronične upale. Kod akutne upale parenhim je smanjene ehogenosti (hipoehogen), a kod kronične upale pokazuje pojačanu ehogenost (hiperehogen je). Benigni tumori su obično smanjene ehogenosti s pojačanim odjecima iza stražnje stijenke. Ultrazvučna slika pokazuje lokaciju, veličinu, ograničenost strukture i odnos tvorbe s okolnim tkivima i organima. Kod malignih tumora na slici je bitno uočiti je li tvorba ostala ograničena na tkivo žlijezde ili je infiltrirala u okolna tkiva, te jesu li povećani limfni čvorovi. Moguća je raščlamba drugih parenhimatoznih organa (jetre, slezene, limfnih čvorova abdomena). Vrijednost je ultrazvučne slike kod kamenaca žlijezda slinovnica u mogućnosti odgovarajućega slikovnog prikaza popratnih patomorfologijskih promjena u parenhimu žlijezda. Ultrazvučni aparat je uređaj koji daje slike presjeka unutrašnjosti ljudskoga tijela ravninom kojom se ultrazvučni snop širi. Ultrazvučni aparat emitira kratke impulse ultrazvuka visoke frekvencije (između 2 i 10 MHz) u unutrašnjost tijela uz pomoć odgovarajućeg pretraživača. Uspješnost ultrazvučne pretrage ovisi prvenstveno o kakvoći uređaja i pretraživača, a zatim o vještini liječnika i o vrsti patoloških promjena žlijezda slinovnica. Također je pod kontrolom ultrazvuka moguća ciljana punkcija pri kojoj se igla koso uvodi u željezdano tkivo ispred pretraživača u snop ultrazvučnih valova. Na taj način igla se vidi u cijeloj dužini, a vrh igle je usmjeren u područje iz kojeg se želi dobiti uzorak za citološku raščlambu. Iako ultrazvučna dijagnostika na spada u temeljne i uobičajene metode pretrage u stomatološkoj praksi, ona pomaže stomatologu da na osnovi ultrazvučne slike lakše spozna etiologiju procesa, odredi dijagnozu i po potrebi uputi pacijenta na daljnju spcijalističku pretragu.Ultrasound is a simple and non-invasive method with no negative effects on the patients health. It is also relatively cheap and enables patients to repeat the examination. It allows quick access into salivary gland morphology. This method is based on the transmission of energy into glandular tissue.The energy is then reflected from the tissue and subsequently received and recorded in order to be interpreted. Since the size, shape and histologic structure are altered by disease, the echostrukture of the salivary gland it self is altered as well, thus revealing a pathological process. The ultrasound should be used immediately after clinical examination as the first stage of diagnostic procedure. By echogenity of inflamed salivary glands acute inflammation can be differentiated from chronic. Unlike acute inflammation in which the parenchyma echogenity is decreased (hypoechogenic), chronic inflammation shows increased echogenity (hyperechogenic). Benign tumors usually show lower echogenity with intensified echoes behind the back wall. The ultrasound image reveals the location, margins, structure dimensions as well as its relation to the surrounding tissues and organs. In a malignant tumor image it is important to observe whether the tumor has spread into the surrounding tissues or it has remained within the glandular tissue. Also it is essential to check whether the lymph nodes are enlarged. An anlysis of other parenchymatous organs such as the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of the abdomen is also possible. Ultrasound of the sialolites of the alivary glands can indicate corresponding pathomorphological changes in glandular parenchyma. The ultrasound is a device which produces crosssection images of the inner parts of the human body spreading an ultrasound wave across the plane. The ultrasound device emits short ultrasound impulses of high frequency (2-10 MHz) into the human body by means of an adequate scanner. The effects of the ultrasound examination depend primarily on the quality of both the device and the scanner, in the physicians skill as well as on the pathologic changes of the salivary glands. When performing a needle biopsy, the ultrasound device also anables the needle to be inserted at a certain angle into the glandular tissue in front of the scanner and directly into the ultrasound waves. In this way, the needle can be seen across its whole lenght, its tip being directed into the area from which the sample for biopsy should be obtained. Although ulatrasound diagnostics is not included in the common methods of dental exmination, it allows the dentist to get better insights into etiology of the process. It also helps in making the diagnosis and, if necessary, referring the patient to further specialist examination

Computation of Carson formulas using piecewise approximation of kernel function

Novel approach for the high-accurate computation of Carson formulas is presented. Carson formulas are used for computation of per-unit length (pul) self and mutual impedances of infinitely long parallel conductors. Numerical algorithm described in this paper uses a piecewise approximation of the kernel function which appears in the Carson formula corrections. Approximated kernel function is multiplied by the rest of the integrands in the impedance correction expressions and analytically integrated. By using the proposed algorithm, highaccurate results with the desired computed n-digit accuracy can easily be obtained. Results computed by the proposed algorithm are compared with the two most commonly used approximation methods for large frequency range

COMPUTATION OF PER-UNIT-LENGTH INTERNAL IMPEDANCE OF A MULTILAYER CYLINDRICAL CONDUCTOR WITH POSSIBLE DIELECTRIC LAYERS

In this manuscript, a novel method for computation of per-unit-length internal impedance of a cylindrical multilayer conductor with conductive and dielectric layers is presented in detail. In addition to this, formulas for computation of electric and magnetic field distribution throughout the entire multilayer conductor (including dielectric layers) have been derived. The presented formulas for electric and magnetic field in conductive layers have been directly derived from Maxwell equations using modified Bessel functions. However, electric and magnetic field in dielectric layers has been computed indirectly from the electric and magnetic fields in contiguous conductive layers which reduces the total number of unknowns in the system of equations. Displacement currents have been disregarded in both conductive and dielectric layers. This is justifiable if the conductive layers are good conductors. The validity of introducing these approximations is tested in the paper versus a model that takes into account displacement currents in all types of layers

Evaluation of leaching behavior and immobilization of zinc in cement-based solidified products

This study has examined leaching behavior of monolithic stabilized/solidified products contaminated with zinc by performing modified dynamic leaching test. The effectiveness of cement-based stabilization/solidification treatment was evaluated by determining the cumulative release of Zn and diffusion coefficients, De. The experimental results indicated that the cumulative release of Zn decreases as the addition of binder increases. The values of the Zn diffusion coefficients for all samples ranged from 1.210-8 to 1.1610-12 cm2 s-1. The samples with higher amounts of binder had lower De values. The test results showed that cement-based stabilization/solidification treatment was effective in immobilization of electroplating sludge and waste zeolite. A model developed by de Groot and van der Sloot was used to clarify the controlling mechanisms. The controlling leaching mechanism was found to be diffusion for samples with small amounts of waste material, and dissolution for higher waste contents

LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF THE GLASS RAILING ELEMENT

In this paper some basic physical and mechanical properties of glass as structural material are presented. This research is about specifically manufactured glass railing element that will be a part of a pedestrian bridge construction in Zagreb, Croatia. Load bearing capacity test of the glass railing element is conducted within the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Zagreb and obtained experimental results are discussed and compared to the ones provided by the numerical model. Taking into account the behaviour of laminated glass and results of experimental and numerical testing, glass railing element can be regarded as safe