Late Bronze Age graves in Domašinec, Donje Međimurje

Probnim arheološkim istraživanjima na nalazištu Gorica u Domašincu pronađeni su ravni paljevinski grobovi iz mlađe i kasne faze kasnog brončanog doba. Prema pogrebnom ritualu i pokretnim nalazima, spomenuti grobovi pokazuju sličnosti s grobljima ruške grupe sa susjednog područja slovenskog Podravja. Bioarheološka analiza pokazala je da su u navedenim grobovima pohranjeni ostaci dvije odrasle osobe i jednog djeteta. Uz to, tafonomske karakteristike spaljenih kostiju sugeriraju da su tijela pokojnika na pogrebnoj lomači izlagana temperaturama iznad 600 °C kroz dulje vremensko razdoblje te da su nakon spaljivanja sve kosti, bez obzira na veličinu i raspored u tijelu, prikupljane i položene u grob.A flat cremation cemetery of the early and late phases of the Late Bronze Age has been found at the multi-layered Gorica site, near Domašinec, during archaeological excavations in Donje Međimurje. Three graves were excavated at the top of the ridge on which the Gorica site lies. Pottery and cremated remains in all three graves were in a pile at the bottom of the pits. There was an amphora, a bowl and a cup in grave 1, an amphora and a bowl in grave 2, and a bowl and a vertebra in grave 3. The bones and grave goods were laid directly on the ground, and, in graves 1 and 2, they were partially or completely surrounded by a thicker layer of soot from the pyre. Small pieces of burned bones and fragments of burned bronze objects were also found in this layer. This is where grave 3 differs from the previous two graves, as no remains of burnt wood from the pyre were placed in the pit. The remains of possible covers over the graves have not been established in any of the graves, but the bones in grave 2 were partially covered with a bowl. Very small fragments of bronze objects found in the soot indicate that the deceased were burned in their clothes, probably with jewellery. Remains of animal bones have not been discovered in the graves. Regarding archaeobotanical finds, only one burnt piece of a lentil (probably) has been found, in an amphora in grave 1. Pottery placed in the graves shows no traces of secondary exposure to high temperatures, and it can be assumed that it was not placed on or next to the pyre. The funeral ritual and typological characteristics of the pottery indicate a cultural connection with the neighbouring area in Slovenia, where the Ruša group of the Urnfield culture was widespread. On the basis of typochronology of the pottery, and relative chronology, the graves can be dated to the Ha B period. Grave 2, dated to the Ha B1 period, is the oldest, and grave 1, dated between Ha B2 and B3, is the youngest. The AMS calibrated radiocarbon date for the coal sample from grave 1 places it in the late 9th or early 8th century BC. Based on the very small sample from Domašinec, it is not possible to draw any more conclusions about the funeral ritual (cremation) and biological characteristics (demography, general health, etc.) of the deceased. Bioarchaeological analysis has determined that the remains from the graves belong to two adults and one child. Taphonomic characteristics of the burned bones suggest that the bodies of the deceased were exposed to temperatures above 600 °C for a long period of time. Afterwards, all the bones were collected and placed in the graves, regardless of size or location in the body. Pathological changes noted on the child’s skull indicate that this person survived one or more episodes of physiological stress during childhood. The Late Bronze Age in Međimurje is not well known, and the discovery of a flat cremation cemetery in Domašinec is an important find, even though only three graves have been excavated so far. If we add the previously-excavated cremation grave at Murščak, near Hodošan, (absolutely dated from the second half of the 10th to the second half of the 9th century BC) and the finds from the Čestinka highland settlement in Šenkovec, of approximately the same period, which also show similarities with finds from north-eastern Slovenia, an outline of a cultural connection between these areas during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age appears. Considering that all the known sites from the early and late phases of the Late Bronze Age are located along the River Trnava or its left tributaries, we can assume that influences from the Slovenian Podravje came through the Trnava valley

Bronze and Iron Age settlements at the site of Osijek – Ciglana and Zeleno polje

Arheološkim istraživanjima na lokalitetu Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje utvrđeni su ostaci naselja iz brončanoga i željeznoga doba. Najstarije naselje, osnovano tijekom srednjega brončanog doba, kontinuirano je živjelo do starije faze kasnoga brončanog doba. Nakon dužega hijatusa, položaj je ponovno naseljen u mlađoj fazi starijega željeznog doba te zatim ponovno u kasnolatenskome razdoblju. Istraženost veće površine omogućila je praćenje promjena u strukturi i organizaciji naselja, dok provedene arheozoološke i arheobotaničke analize svjedoče o privredi stanovništva naseljenoga na istome prostoru tijekom dužega vremenskog razdoblja. Na brončanodobnom naselju najveće su promjene primjetne na prijelazu starije u mlađu srednjobrončanodobnu fazu, što se poklapa s nestankom inkrustirane keramike srednjega brončanog doba te nešto češćom pojavom materijala kakav se pripisuje kulturi grobnih humaka. Rezultati arheozooloških i arheobotaničkih analiza pokazuju kako se, bez obzira na promjene arheoloških kultura i razdoblja, privreda stanovništva naseljenoga na istome mjestu nije bitno mijenjala.Archaeological research at the site of Osijek – Ciglana and Zeleno polje revealed remains of a Bronze and Iron Age settlement. The earliest settlement was established during the Middle Bronze Age and was continually settled till the early phase of the Late Bronze Age. After a long hiatus, the site was settled again in the late phase of the Early Iron Age and in the Late La Tene period. Excavation of a larger area enabled researchers to track changes in the structure and organization of the settlement, while the conducted archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyses testified to the economy of a population settled in the same area over a longer period of time. In the Bronze Age settlement, the most significant changes are noticeable at the turn of the early to the late phase of the Middle Bronze Age, which corresponds to the disappearance of encrusted pottery of the Middle Bronze Age and somewhat more common appearance of material assigned to the Tumulus culture. The results of archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyses show that, regardless of the changes of archaeological cultures and periods, the economy of the population settled in the same area did not significantly alter

Gradišće in Turčišće, Međimurje, a Hillfort/Motte of the High Middle Ages

U sklopu realizacije programa „Arheološki park Turčišće – Goričan“ 2014. godine provedena su arheološka i povijesno-arhivska istraživanja srednjovjekovnog gradišta/mote na položaju Gradišće u Turčišću, Općina Domašinec. Gradišće čini središnji plato zaštićen dvama opkopima te zemljanim nasipom. Arheološka istraživanja pokazala su da je život na Gradišću trajao od sredine 12. do sredine 13. stoljeća, kad je stradalo u požaru, dok su provedena povijesno-arhivska istraživanja omogućila njegovo povezivanje s plemićkom obitelji Domaša, čije je ime ostalo sačuvano u nazivu današnjeg naselja Domašinca. Arheološkim istraživanjima ustanovljeni elementi konstrukcije srednjovjekovne građevine na središnjem platou Gradišća upućuju na prijelazni oblik između gradnje s ukopanim stupovima i kanatne gradnje. S druge strane, to je stariji tip gradnje s početka razvoja tradicionalne međimurske arhitekture, kanatno građenih „šopanih hiža“.During 2014, alongside historical and archival research, archaeological excavations were carried out on the mediaeval hillfort/motte at the site of Gradišće, in Turčišće. They were conducted as part of the Turčišće-Goričan Archaeological Park programme, fnanced by the Croatian Ministry of Culture. Gradišće is situated east of today’s village of Domašinec, in the Međimurje lowlands, and lies at the confluence of the River Trnava and the Crni Jarak stream. It is made up of an elevated central plateau protected by an earthwork and ditches that were once flled with water, and it measures 50 m in diameter. On the central plateau, remains were found of a medieval above-ground building. Archaeological excavations revealed elements of the structure to be of a form transitional between construction with dug-in posts and halftimber work. More specifcally, the wooden structure of the building was supported by wooden posts dug into the ground at the corners and horizontal beams stretching between them. The walls were flled with wattle daubed with clay soil, while the floor in the interior was of trodden earth. Given its structural characteristics, the building on the central plateau in Gradišće points to an early phase of development of traditional half-timber architecture that has survived to this day in the Međimurje region as šopane hiže [thatched cottages]. In the course of archaeological excavations in the southwest portion of the Gradišće earthwork, a wooden post was found dug into the ground; it was presumably used to support a wooden bridge that provided access to the central plateau. Results of radiocarbon analyses of samples taken from charred wooden parts of the central-plateau building, as well as a typological analysis of movable fnds, indicate that Gradišće was inhabited in the period from the mid-12th to the mid-13th century. In the mid-13th century, Gradišće burned down in a fre, after which life was never restored. The historical and archival research conducted enabled us to link the settlement to the noble family of Domaša, recorded in the name of the present-day village of Domašinec. The family of Domaša, or Damaša, were members of the Međimurje gentry, and their name is mentioned in surviving documents dating from the early to the mid-13th century. No subsequent mention of them is found after the mid-13th century, the time when life disappeared from Gradišće, in Turčišće

The medieval Cemetery surrounding the Chapel of St. Anne in Gornji Kosinj

Hrvatski restauratorski zavod je tijekom listopada 2020. godine obavio probna arheološka istraživanja na prostoru oko kapele sv. Ane u Gornjem Kosinju. Sukladno projektnoj dokumentaciji istraženo je pet sondi i ukupna površina od 70 m2. Ispred pročelja kapele i uz njezin južni zid pronađen je velik broj kosturnih ostataka pokojnika. Kako je groblje korišteno tijekom nekoliko stoljeća, grobovi su uglavnom poremećeni i većina je kostiju dislocirana. Prema pokretnim nalazima, kalibriranim radiokarbonskim datumima i stratigrafiji 23 groba možemo datirati u razdoblje od kraja 10./početka 11. do kraja 14. stoljeća. Nalazi su pronađeni u osam grobova: naušnice, karičice i prstenovi u ženskim te dijelovi pojasa i obuće, ostruga i kositreni kalež u muškim grobovima. Većina ukopa prati orijentaciju današnje kapele te se može pretpostaviti postojanje sakralne građevine na njezinome mjestu već u 11. stoljeću. Samo je jedan grob datiran u razdoblje poslije 1696. godine, a nalazi se ispred pročelja kapele.In October 2020, the Croatian Conservation Institute carried out archaeological trial excavations in the area surrounding the chapel of St. Anne in Gornji Kosinj, which, in accordance with the project documentation, included the exploration of five trenches and covered a total area of 70 m2. The research yielded a significant number of skeletal remains, which were discovered in front of the chapel’s façade and along its southern wall. Since the cemetery has been in use over several centuries, most graves were disturbed, resulting in the displacement of the majority of bones. Based on movable finds, calibrated radiocarbon dates and stratigraphy, it is possible to date 23 graves to the period from the late 10th/early 11th to the late 14th century. Finds were discovered in eight graves, which contained earrings, circlets and rings in female graves, as well as parts of belts and footwear, spurs and a tin chalice in male graves. Most burials follow the orientation of the present chapel, indicating the presence of a sacred structure on its site as early as the 11th century. Only one grave dates back to the period after 1696, which is located in front of the façade of the chapel

Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age graves at the site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje

na nalazištu Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje 2015. godine pronađeni su ostaci višeslojnog naselja. Izdvaja se nalaz četiriju kosturnih grobova, od kojih se jedan nalazio izdvojeno na sjevernome dijelu istražene površine, a preostala su tri grupirana 260 m južnije. Svi su pokojnici bili pokopani u zgrčenom položaju na boku. S obzirom na činjenicu da u grobovima nisu nađeni prilozi ni dijelovi nošnje pokojnika, kao ni arheološki nalazi u njihovim zapunama, grobovi su datirani na osnovi rezultata radiokarbonskih analiza kostiju pokojnika. Grob smješten na sjevernom dijelu nalazišta (grob 1) datiran je u razdoblje kasnoga bakrenog doba i pripisan kasnoklasičnoj fazi vučedolske kulture. Tri groba evidentirana na južnome dijelu nalazišta (grobovi 2, 3 i 4) datirana su u rano brončano doba. Na temelju radiokarbonskog datuma i elemenata pogrebnog rituala, grobovi su pripisani Kisapostag kulturi. Spomenuti grobovi predstavljaju jedine kasnoeneolitičke i ranobrončanodobne nalaze s lokaliteta, a može se pretpostaviti postojanje istovremenih naselja u blizini. Analiza je ljudskih kosturnih ostataka pokazala da je u grobu 1 pokopana žena starija od 50 godina, u grobovima 2 i 4 muškarci u dobi od 35 do 50 godina, a u grobu 3 dijete u dobi od 10 do 15 godina.During the archaeological excavations at the site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje in 2015, the remains of a multi-layered settlement were found. Finds of four skeletal graves stand out, with one grave found isolated on the northern part of the excavated area, while the other three were grouped some 260 m to the south. All the bodies were laid in a crouched position on their side. Since no grave goods or parts of garment were registered in the graves and there were no archaeological finds in the grave fill, the graves are dated based on the results of the radiocarbon analysis of the inhumed bones. The grave situated on the northern part of the site (grave 1) is ascribed to the Late Eneolitihic and attributed to the late classical phase of the Vučedol Culture. The three graves recorded on the southern part of the site (graves 2, 3, and 4) were dated to the Early Bronze Age. On the basis of radiocarbon dates and elements of the burial practice, they are attributed to the Kisapostag Culture. The mentioned graves represent the only Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age finds from the site, and the existence of concurrent settlements nearby can be assumed. An analysis of human skeletal remains revealed the presence of a female over 50 years of age in grave 1, males 35 to 50 years of age in graves 2 and 4, as well as a juvenile aged 10 to 15 in grave 3

Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age graves at the site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje

na nalazištu Osijek – Ciglana i Zeleno polje 2015. godine pronađeni su ostaci višeslojnog naselja. Izdvaja se nalaz četiriju kosturnih grobova, od kojih se jedan nalazio izdvojeno na sjevernome dijelu istražene površine, a preostala su tri grupirana 260 m južnije. Svi su pokojnici bili pokopani u zgrčenom položaju na boku. S obzirom na činjenicu da u grobovima nisu nađeni prilozi ni dijelovi nošnje pokojnika, kao ni arheološki nalazi u njihovim zapunama, grobovi su datirani na osnovi rezultata radiokarbonskih analiza kostiju pokojnika. Grob smješten na sjevernom dijelu nalazišta (grob 1) datiran je u razdoblje kasnoga bakrenog doba i pripisan kasnoklasičnoj fazi vučedolske kulture. Tri groba evidentirana na južnome dijelu nalazišta (grobovi 2, 3 i 4) datirana su u rano brončano doba. Na temelju radiokarbonskog datuma i elemenata pogrebnog rituala, grobovi su pripisani Kisapostag kulturi. Spomenuti grobovi predstavljaju jedine kasnoeneolitičke i ranobrončanodobne nalaze s lokaliteta, a može se pretpostaviti postojanje istovremenih naselja u blizini. Analiza je ljudskih kosturnih ostataka pokazala da je u grobu 1 pokopana žena starija od 50 godina, u grobovima 2 i 4 muškarci u dobi od 35 do 50 godina, a u grobu 3 dijete u dobi od 10 do 15 godina.During the archaeological excavations at the site Osijek–Ciglana and Zeleno polje in 2015, the remains of a multi-layered settlement were found. Finds of four skeletal graves stand out, with one grave found isolated on the northern part of the excavated area, while the other three were grouped some 260 m to the south. All the bodies were laid in a crouched position on their side. Since no grave goods or parts of garment were registered in the graves and there were no archaeological finds in the grave fill, the graves are dated based on the results of the radiocarbon analysis of the inhumed bones. The grave situated on the northern part of the site (grave 1) is ascribed to the Late Eneolitihic and attributed to the late classical phase of the Vučedol Culture. The three graves recorded on the southern part of the site (graves 2, 3, and 4) were dated to the Early Bronze Age. On the basis of radiocarbon dates and elements of the burial practice, they are attributed to the Kisapostag Culture. The mentioned graves represent the only Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age finds from the site, and the existence of concurrent settlements nearby can be assumed. An analysis of human skeletal remains revealed the presence of a female over 50 years of age in grave 1, males 35 to 50 years of age in graves 2 and 4, as well as a juvenile aged 10 to 15 in grave 3

A settlement of the Western Transdanubian Linear Pottery culture in Donje Međimurje

Probna arheološka istraživanja nalazišta Vrti I u Domašincu, u Donjem Međimurju, otkrila su ostatke neolitičkog naselja kulture zapadnotransdanubijske linearnotrakaste keramike. Naselje se smjestilo na blagoj padini u blizini rijeke Trnave, na tlu pogodnom za bavljenje poljoprivredom. Duge, nadzemne kuće, uobičajene u kulturi linearnotrakaste keramike, nisu pouzdano potvrđene s obzirom na relativno malu istraženu površinu naselja od 63 m². Međutim, pronađene rupe od stupova, koje u nekim slučajevima tvore pravilne nizove smjera sjeveroistok – jugozapad, ukazuju na postojanje nadzemnih objekata i njihovu vjerojatnu orijentaciju. Ulomci keramičkog posuđa, pronađeni na naselju, pokazuju karakteristike kesteljske grupe koja se razvila početkom mlađe faze kulture zapadnotransdanubijske linearnotrakaste keramike. Kameni nalazi, iako relativno malobrojni, ukazuju na mogućnost razmjene dobara s naseljima oko gorja Bakony, odakle je vjerojatno nabavljan szentgalski crveni radiolarit, te onima oko zapadnih Karpata, gdje su najbliža ležišta opsidijana. Pretpostavlja se da je neolitičko naselje u Domašincu koristilo istu mrežu dobave sirovina kao i naselja zapadne Transdanubije. Naselje u Domašincu za sada je jedino objavljeno nalazište kesteljske grupe južno od Mure te također jedino u literaturi poznato naselje spomenute grupe na području Hrvatske.Trial archaeological excavations at the site of Vrti I in Domašinec, in Donje Međimurje, have revealed the remains of a Neolithic settlement of the Western Transdanubian Linear Pottery culture. The settlement is located on a gentle slope near the River Trnava, on land suitable for agriculture. Long above-ground houses, common in the Linear Pottery culture, have not been reliably confirmed, given the relatively small excavated area of the settlement, at 63 m². However, postholes have been found that sometimes form regular rows in a NE–SW direction, indicating the existence of above-ground structures and their probable orientation. Pottery fragments found at the site have characteristics of the Keszthely group, which developed at the beginning of the later phase of the Western Transdanubian Linear Pottery culture. Stone finds, although relatively scarce, indicate the possibility of good exchange with settlements around the Bakony Mountains, from where the Szentgal red radiolarite was probably procured, and with those around the Western Carpathians, where the nearest obsidian deposits are situated. It is possible to assume that the Neolithic settlement in Domašinec used the same raw-material supply network as the settlements of western Transdanubia. For the time being, the settlement in Domašinec is the only published site of the Keszthely group south of the River Mura, and also the only settlement of this group published in Croatia

The medieval Cemetery surrounding the Chapel of St. Anne in Gornji Kosinj

Hrvatski restauratorski zavod je tijekom listopada 2020. godine obavio probna arheološka istraživanja na prostoru oko kapele sv. Ane u Gornjem Kosinju. Sukladno projektnoj dokumentaciji istraženo je pet sondi i ukupna površina od 70 m2. Ispred pročelja kapele i uz njezin južni zid pronađen je velik broj kosturnih ostataka pokojnika. Kako je groblje korišteno tijekom nekoliko stoljeća, grobovi su uglavnom poremećeni i većina je kostiju dislocirana. Prema pokretnim nalazima, kalibriranim radiokarbonskim datumima i stratigrafiji 23 groba možemo datirati u razdoblje od kraja 10./početka 11. do kraja 14. stoljeća. Nalazi su pronađeni u osam grobova: naušnice, karičice i prstenovi u ženskim te dijelovi pojasa i obuće, ostruga i kositreni kalež u muškim grobovima. Većina ukopa prati orijentaciju današnje kapele te se može pretpostaviti postojanje sakralne građevine na njezinome mjestu već u 11. stoljeću. Samo je jedan grob datiran u razdoblje poslije 1696. godine, a nalazi se ispred pročelja kapele.In October 2020, the Croatian Conservation Institute carried out archaeological trial excavations in the area surrounding the chapel of St. Anne in Gornji Kosinj, which, in accordance with the project documentation, included the exploration of five trenches and covered a total area of 70 m2. The research yielded a significant number of skeletal remains, which were discovered in front of the chapel’s façade and along its southern wall. Since the cemetery has been in use over several centuries, most graves were disturbed, resulting in the displacement of the majority of bones. Based on movable finds, calibrated radiocarbon dates and stratigraphy, it is possible to date 23 graves to the period from the late 10th/early 11th to the late 14th century. Finds were discovered in eight graves, which contained earrings, circlets and rings in female graves, as well as parts of belts and footwear, spurs and a tin chalice in male graves. Most burials follow the orientation of the present chapel, indicating the presence of a sacred structure on its site as early as the 11th century. Only one grave dates back to the period after 1696, which is located in front of the façade of the chapel

A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations

The rise and fall of the Roman Empire was a socio-political process with enormous ramifications for human history. The Middle Danube was a crucial frontier and a crossroads for population and cultural movement. Here, we present genome-wide data from 136 Balkan individuals dated to the 1st millennium CE. Despite extensive militarization and cultural influence, we find little ancestry contribution from peoples of Italic descent. However, we trace a large-scale influx of people of Anatolian ancestry during the Imperial period. Between 250 and 550 CE, we detect migrants with ancestry from Central/Northern Europe and the Steppe, confirming that ‘‘barbarian’’ migrations were propelled by ethnically diverse confederations. Following the end of Roman control, we detect the large-scale arrival of individuals who were genetically similar to modern Eastern European Slavic-speaking populations, who contributed 30%–60% of the ancestry of Balkan people, representing one of the largest permanent demographic changes anywhere in Europe during the Migration Period

Slagalica nasljeđa : priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike

"Slagalica nasljeđa" - priručnik za opismenjavanje iz medicinske genetike ima tri namjene. Prije svega, on je edukativna slikovnica za studente, liječnike i pacijente, ali i druge zainteresirane pojedince jer su u njoj kroz ilustracije objašnjene osnove genetike čovjeka, kao i osnove medicinske genetike. Od toga kako prepoznati osobu s genetičkim poremećajem, kako nastaju i koje vrste genetičkih poremećaja postoje pa sve do toga na koji ih način možemo dijagnosticirati. Nadalje, nakon svake ilustracije na pojedinoj stranici nalaze se definicije 79 pojmova iz medicinske genetike koje čine tezaurus za studente, liječnike i pacijente koji se na bilo koji način susreću s genetičkim poremećajima. Naposljetku, ova knjiga sadrži i primjere rečenica u koje su ubačeni stručni pojmovi iz medicinske genetike, a koji su namijenjeni studentima prilikom savladavanja komunikacijskih vještina na kolegiju Medicinska genetika, ali i liječnicima prilikom informiranja svojih pacijenata o (mogućem) genetičkom poremećaju. Uz kreatoricu ideje i urednicu izdanja, doc. dr. sc. Ninu Perezu, autori izdanja su studenti šeste godine Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija Medicina i prof. dr. sc. Saša Ostojić