Methodology of formation of modern oriented environmental management systems in waste management

The article discusses the methodological approaches to the formation of the modern environmental-oriented management systems in the field of waste management. We propose a mechanism of economic management in the sphere of waste management, which provides the introduction of environmental insurance, preferential lending and leasing. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3549

Paradigmatische und syntagmatische bedeutungen des praterits im modernen deutsch

The present article covers the rather debatable issue of temporal, actional and extemporal interpretation of the German preterit and its functioning in different contexts. The views of different researchers of the German language on the problem are described and compared and a conclusion about the temporal semantics of the German grammar temporal forms is made. The article studies the two main functions of the preterit, the imperfective (describing) function and the aoristic (narrative) function, and it also describes its other (secondary) meanings in which it can be used depending on the surrounding context. Стаття присвячена ще досить дискусійному питанню щодо темпорального, акціонального та атемпорального тлумачення німецького претеріта та його функціонуваннюу різних контекстах. В статті описуються та порівнюються точки зору різних германістів на цю проблему: робиться висновок щодо темпоральної семантики німецьких граматичних часових форм. Аналізуються дві основні функції претеріта: імперфективна (описова) та аористична (розповідна), а такожописуютьсяйого інші (другорядні) значення, в яких він можевживатисьв залежності від оточуючогоконтексту. Статья посвящена еще достаточно дискуссионному вопросу о темпоральном, акциональном и атемпоральном толкованиинемецкогопретерита и его функционированияв разных контекстах. В статье описываютсяи сравниваются точки зрения разных германистов на эту проблему, делается вывод относительно темпоральной семантики немецких грамматических временных форм. Анализируются две основные функции претерита: имперфективная (описательная) и аористическая (повествовательная), а также описываютсяего остальные (второстепенные) значения, в которых он может употребляться в зависимости от окружающего контекста

Environmentally friendly immobilization of radioactive wastes in an alkali activated cement matrix

The paper presents data on efficiency of immobilization of low level radioactive wastes of nuclear power stations using the alkali activated cements as a binding agent in comparison with Portland cement. Much higher efficiency of the alkali activated cements is attributed to abilities of the alkali activated cement matrix, on the contrary to the Portland cement one, to bind radioactive nuclides not only physically and adsorptionally, but chemically. As a result of specific features of the alkali activated cement hardening processes the conditions occur, under which the zeolite-like phases (analogues to natural zeolites) with the crystalline lattices in which Cs and Cr can be disposed, to form, for example, Na-Sr-analcime – wairakite, Na-Cs-analcime – pollucite, gismondine (with the higher adsorption capacity) occur. Compositions of the alkali activated cements and those of the final products using real nitrate- and borate-containing wastes of various composition were chosen experimentally at the nuclear power stations after preliminary work with the waste imitators at the laboratory. Properties of the final products, these were: leachability, biological resistance, freeze/thaw resistance, water resistance, strength, were tested and the results are discussed. A conclusion was made that all above properties of the final products in which the alkali activated cements were used were at least by 10–20 % higher than those of similar products made using Portland cement, and in leachability (leach rate) exceeded by 5–10 times. The paper also includes description of solidification processes used at the nuclear power plants with using of alkali activated cements