Retrospective Study: Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronically and relapsing inflammatory skin disease affecting individuals with atopic history or their families. Atopic dermatitis affects all ageswith percentage 15-30% in children and 1-2% in adults. Chronic pruritus, skin infection, sleep disorder, and growth disorder are signs and symptomps commonly found in childhood atopic dermatitis. Evaluation of the profile and management of DA were needed to improve the management of atopic dermatitis. Purpose:To evaluate the profile of childhood atopic dermatitis. Methods: A retrospective study of all new cases of childhood atopic dermatitis who visited the Pediatric Division, Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya from January 2007 to Desember 2011. Results: Numbers of chilhood atopic dermatitis increased from 2007 to 2011. Itchy was the main complaint of DA, but redness patches (32,3%) and xerosis cutis (9,1%) were also found. Atopic history in patients and or their families were found in 842 patients (74,3%). Treatment was antihistamin in 879 patients (77,5%). Conclusions: Chilhood atopic dermatitis are still increasing by years. Determining and avoiding trigger factors are education for DA's patients and their families in preventing it recurrency. Key words: atopic dermatitis, childhood, retrospective study

Relationship between Diet and Acne

Background: Acne is a disorder of pilosebasea unit, that mostly affect an adolesecent, caused by hormonal changing. Dietary is one factor that was thought to induce acne. But the association  between diet and acne are still controversial.  Purpose: Review the role of  some diets for acne Review: Acne is multifactorial disease, whereas diet is one of many factors that excarcerbate acne.  Some dietaries are thought have some roles in acne, including carbohidrate, milk, chocolate, fatty acid, zinc-iodine, vitamin A, and antioxidant. Some research has proved the relationship between diets and acne but there are still few limitations. Conclusion: Relationship between diets and acne still need more research with better methods.    Key words: acne, diet, glicemic index

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor–Beta (TGF-β) on Regulatory T (Treg) Cell from Skin Lesion of Leprosy’s Patient

Background: Clinical manifestations of leprosy depends on host’s immunity. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are known as CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ have roles in immune respons to maintain homeostasis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are one of cytokine that is secreted by Treg cells. Treg cells are thought as unresponsiveness T cells (anergy) to Mycobacterium leprae and caused disease’s progression to lepromatosa. Purpose: To evaluate expression of TGF-β on Treg cells from patient leprosy’s skin lession. Methods: Design of study was cross-sectional, descriptive observation involving 18 leprosy patients who visited the Leprosy Division, Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Biopsy from skin lession were performed then continued with histopathological examination. The type of leprosy was determined by clinical and histopathological examinations. Expression of TGF-β on Treg cell were performed by double staining immunohistochemistry in Biomoleculer and Pathology and Anatomy Laboratory at Brawijaya University, Malang. Result: Numbers of mid-borderline type (BB) leprosy’s patients were 2 (11,1%),  9 (50%) patients with borderline lepromatosa (BL) type, and 7 (38,5%) patients with Lepromatosa (LL) type. Mean expression of TGF-β on Treg cells from skin lession’s leprosy on BB type was 12 ± 2,12 cells/field of view, on BL type was 16 ± 3,64 cells/fields of view and on LL type was  22± 3,69 cells/field of view. Conclusion: Expression of TGF-β on Treg cells are increasing on skin lession’s leprosy patients might as prognostic indicator of severity of leprosy (lepromatosa type).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Key words: immunohistochemistry, leprosy, Morbus Hansen, regulatory T cell, TGF-β

Ekspresi Transforming Growth Factor–Beta (TGF-β) pada Sel T Regulator (Treg) dari Lesi Kulit Pasien Kusta

Latar Belakang: Gejala klinis penyakit kusta tergantung respons imun penjamu (host). Sel T regulator (Treg) dikenal dengan CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ berperan dalam mengatur respons imun untuk mempertahankan homeostasis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β merupakan salah satu sitokin yang disekresikan oleh sel Treg. Sel Treg diduga sebagai sel T yang tidak reponsif (anergi) terhadap kuman Mycobacterium leprae dan menyebabkan perjalanan kusta lebih berat ke arah tipe lepromatosa. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi ekspresi TGF-β pada sel Treg dari lesi pasien kusta. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif observasional potong lintang dengan 18 subjek penelitian yaitu pasien kusta yang datang ke Divisi Kusta Unit Rawat Jalan (URJ) Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel dengan biopsi lesi kulit dan dilanjutkan pemeriksaan histopatologis. Penentuan tipe kusta berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan histopatologis. Ekspresi TGF-β pada sel Treg dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan double staining imunohistokimia di Laboratorium Biomolekuler dan Patologi Anatomi Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Hasil: Jumlah pasien kusta tipe mid-borderline (BB) adalah 2 orang (11,1%), kusta tipe borderline lepromatosa (BL) sebanyak 9 orang (50%), dan kusta tipe lepromatosa (LL) sebanyak 7 orang (38,9%). Rata-rata ekspresi TGF-β pada sel Treg dari lesi kulit pasien kusta tipe BB adalah 12 ± 2,12 sel per lapangan pandang, pada tipe kusta BL adalah 16 ± 3,64 sel per lapangan pandang, dan pada tipe kusta LL adalah 22 ± 3,69 sel per lapangan pandang. Simpulan: Ekspresi TGF-β pada sel Treg yang meningkat pada pasien kusta dapat bermanfaat sebagai indikator prognostik perjalanan penyakit ke arah lebih berat (tipe lepromatosa)