The impact of histological annotations for accurate tissue classification using mass spectrometry imaging

Knowing the precise location of analytes in the tissue has the potential to provide information about the organs’ function and predict its behavior. It is especially powerful when used in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of pathologies, such as cancer. Spatial proteomics, in particular mass spectrometry imaging, together with machine learning approaches, has been proven to be a very helpful tool in answering some histopathology conundrums. To gain accurate information about the tissue, there is a need to build robust classification models. We have investigated the impact of histological annotation on the classification accuracy of different tumor tissues. Intrinsic tissue heterogeneity directly impacts the efficacy of the annotations, having a more pronounced effect on more heterogeneous tissues, as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where the impact is over 20% in accuracy. On the other hand, in more homogeneous samples, such as kidney tumors, histological annotations have a slenderer impact on the classification accuracy

A mass spectrometry imaging based approach for prognosis prediction in UICC stage I/II colon cancer

Simple Summary Tumor treatment is heavily dictated by the tumor progression status. However, in colon cancer, it is difficult to predict disease progression in the early stages. In this study, we have employed a proteomic analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). MALDI-MSI is a technique that measures the molecular content of (tumor) tissue. We analyzed tumor samples of 276 patients. If the patients developed distant metastasis, they were considered to have a more aggressive tumor type than the patients that did not. In this comparative study, we have developed bioinformatics methods that can predict the tendency of tumor progression and advance a couple of molecules that could be used as prognostic markers of colon cancer. The prediction of tumor progression can help to choose a more adequate treatment for each individual patient. Abstract Currently, pathological evaluation of stage I/II colon cancer, following the Union Internationale Contre Le Cancer (UICC) guidelines, is insufficient to identify patients that would benefit from adjuvant treatment. In our study, we analyzed tissue samples from 276 patients with colon cancer utilizing mass spectrometry imaging. Two distinct approaches are herein presented for data processing and analysis. In one approach, four different machine learning algorithms were applied to predict the tendency to develop metastasis, which yielded accuracies over 90% for three of the models. In the other approach, 1007 m/z features were evaluated with regards to their prognostic capabilities, yielding two m/z features as promising prognostic markers. One feature was identified as a fragment from collagen (collagen 3A1), hinting that a higher collagen content within the tumor is associated with poorer outcomes. Identification of proteins that reflect changes in the tumor and its microenvironment could give a very much-needed prediction of a patient’s prognosis, and subsequently assist in the choice of a more adequate treatment

Correlation of cytomorphology and histopathology in the diagnostic process of myeloid malignancies

Bone marrow cytomorphology and histopathology are the cornerstones for the initial diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other related myeloid disorders. They provide a rapid first insight into diagnostic categories and thus help in clinical decision making. However, difficulties in the morphologic assessment of MDS exist due to inter- and intra-observer variability. In this study, we directly compared the results of cytomorphology and histopathology obtained in a real-world diagnostic scenario in 90 patients with myeloid malignancies aiming to evaluate their validity for diagnosing and classifying various myeloid malignancies. While both techniques placed 80% of our bone marrow samples into the same diagnostic category and thus showed a good correlation, our study also demonstrates the limitations in correlating marrow cytomorphology and histopathology, even following stringent and repetitive diagnostic assessments. This was particularly true for CMML, where not only additional diagnostic tools such as molecular genetics or clinical evaluation but also the analysis of the peripheral blood smears aided in finding the correct diagnosis. Overall, our data emphasize the need for a comprehensive diagnostic review in a patient-for-patient setting when a myeloid malignancy is suspected or confirmed. We propose that the combination of cytomorphologic and histopathologic assessment with clinical, laboratory, and genetic parameters is essential in achieving high diagnostic accuracy in an interdisciplinary setting

Главная задача государства - военно-патриотическое воспитание современной молодежи

Военно-патриотическое воспитание - многоплановая, систематическая, целенаправленная и скоординированная деятельность государственных органов, общественных объединений и организаций по формированию у молодежи высокого патриотического сознания, возвышенного чувства верности к своему Отечеству, готовности к выполнению гражданского долга, важнейших конституционных обязанностей по защите интересов Родины

Study of heat transfer processes in the flowing part of hypersonic air-ramjet engine

The technique and results of the experimental-theoretical study of gas dynamics, heat transfer and the structure of gas flow in the flowing channel of a model hypersonic air-ramjet engine are presented for Mach numbers M (5; 6)

Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Conventional Colorectal Adenocarcinomas: Incidental Finding or Prognostic Biomarker?

Background Colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are clinically highly aggressive neoplasms. MANECs are composed of variable adenocarcinoma components combined with morphologically distinct neuroendocrine carcinoma components, which are confirmed by synaptophysin immunohistochemistry, the gold standard marker of a neuroendocrine differentiation. However, the biological behavior of adenocarcinomas that express synaptophysin but do not show a typical neuroendocrine morphology remains unclear. Methods We investigated synaptophysin expression in 1002 conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlated the results with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival and compared the survival characteristics of synaptophysin expression groups to MANECs. Results Synaptophysin expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas was associated with a shortened disease-free survival (p = 0.037), but not with overall survival or disease-specific survival (DSS) in univariate analyses and without any survival impact in multivariate analyses. Patients with "true" MANECs, on the other hand, showed a significantly shorter survival than all conventional adenocarcinomas with or without synaptophysin expression in uni- and multivariate analyses (e.g., multivariate DSS: p < 0.001, HR: 5.20). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that synaptophysin expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas, in contrast to MANECs, is not associated with a significantly poorer clinical outcome when compared to adenocarcinomas without synaptophysin expression. Furthermore, our data suggest that conventional adenocarcinomas with a diffuse synaptophysin expression should not be classified as MANECs, also strongly arguing that synaptophysin testing should be reserved for carcinomas with an H&E morphology suggestive of a neuroendocrine differentiation.Simple Summary Colorectal MANECs are highly aggressive carcinomas defined by a distinct neuroendocrine morphology and positivity for synaptophysin in the neuroendocrine component. It is unclear whether a neuroendocrine differentiation in conventional adenocarcinomas without a suggestive morphology is of clinical relevance. We tested 1002 conventional colorectal carcinomas with a non-neuroendocrine morphology for synaptophysin expression and correlated the results with clinicopathological characteristics as well as patient survival and compared the survival characteristics of synaptophysin expression groups to those of true MANECs. We found no survival differences between synaptophysin expression groups within conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas. MANECs, on the other hand, showed significantly worse survival characteristics. Our data suggest that synaptophysin expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas is of minor prognostic relevance and that conventional adenocarcinomas with a diffuse synaptophysin expression should not be classified as MANECs. Abstract Background: Colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are clinically highly aggressive neoplasms. MANECs are composed of variable adenocarcinoma components combined with morphologically distinct neuroendocrine carcinoma components, which are confirmed by synaptophysin immunohistochemistry, the gold standard marker of a neuroendocrine differentiation. However, the biological behavior of adenocarcinomas that express synaptophysin but do not show a typical neuroendocrine morphology remains unclear. Methods: We investigated synaptophysin expression in 1002 conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlated the results with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival and compared the survival characteristics of synaptophysin expression groups to MANECs. Results: Synaptophysin expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas was associated with a shortened disease-free survival (p = 0.037), but not with overall survival or disease-specific survival (DSS) in univariate analyses and without any survival impact in multivariate analyses. Patients with “true” MANECs, on the other hand, showed a significantly shorter survival than all conventional adenocarcinomas with or without synaptophysin expression in uni- and multivariate analyses (e.g., multivariate DSS: p < 0.001, HR: 5.20). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that synaptophysin expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas, in contrast to MANECs, is not associated with a significantly poorer clinical outcome when compared to adenocarcinomas without synaptophysin expression. Furthermore, our data suggest that conventional adenocarcinomas with a diffuse synaptophysin expression should not be classified as MANECs, also strongly arguing that synaptophysin testing should be reserved for carcinomas with an H&E morphology suggestive of a neuroendocrine differentiation

Neue Methoden der Proteinanalytik zur Identifikation von diagnostisch relevanten Molekülen für das Harnblasen- und Prostatakarzinom

Bladder cancer and prostate cancer rank among the three most common urological cancers. Currently, detecting both types of cancer relies on gold standard diagnostic tools (cystoscopy and cytology regarding bladder cancer and serum PSA value, digital rectal examination and histological evaluation of prostate biopsies regarding prostate cancer) which lack sensitivity and specificity. However, an early and reliable diagnose would result in improved patient´s outcome and prognosis, as for cancer in general. Especially patients with bladder cancer need a sometimes livelong sensitive follow up as cancer tends to recidivate. As the proteome is much more complex and dynamic than the genome its analysis holds out the prospect of overcoming some of the limitation of other approaches in the identification of new marker molecules. Therefore tissue, serum and urine samples from patients with bladder and prostate cancer, respectively, were subjected to different proteomic techniques (2D-SDS-PAGE, MALDI- and SELDI-TOF-MS, MALDI imaging). In particular, analysis of magnetic bead based fractioned serum samples of both entities resulted in sensitivity and specificity values above the standard values when comparing both entities among themselves as well as both entities with healthy controls. Tissue analysis of both entities with MALDI imaging showed good results regarding classification. Based upon the results of this study identification of the discovered potential marker molecules could lead to sensitive and valid tests for diagnosis and follow up of bladder and prostate cancer patients