Numerical Study of Double Diffusive Convection in a Lid Driven Cavity with Linearly Salted Side Walls

Double diffusive convection phenomenon is widely seen in process industries, where the interplay between thermal and solutal (mass) buoyancy forces play a crucial role in governing the outcome. In the current work, double diffusive convection phenomenon in a lid driven cavity model with linearly salted side walls has been studied numerically using Finite element simulations. Top and bottom walls of the cavity are assumed cold and hot respectively while other boundaries are set adiabatic to heat and mass flow. The calculations of energy and momentum transport in the cavity is done using velocity-vorticity form of Navier-Stokes equations consisting of velocity Poisson equations, vorticity transport, energy and concentration equations. Galerkin’s weighted residual method has been implemented to approximate the governing equations. Simulation results are obtained for convective heat transfer for 100<Re<500, 50<N<50 and 0.1<Ri<3.0. The average Nusselt number along the hot wall of the cavity is observed to be higher for higher Richardson number when buoyancy ratio is positive and vice versa. Maximum Nusselt number is recorded at buoyancy ratio 50 and Richardson number 3.0, on the other hand low Nusselt number is witnessed for buoyancy ratio 50

Inverse coefficient problem for cascade system of fourth and second order partial differential equations

The study of the paper mainly focusses on recovering the dissipative parameter in a cascade system coupling a bilaplacian operator to a heat equation from final time measured data via quasi-solution based optimization. The coefficient inverse problem is expressed as a minimization problem. We proved that minimizer exists and the necessary optimality condition which plays the crucial role to prove the required stability result for the corresponding coefficient is derived. Utilising the conjugate gradient approach, numerical results are examined to show the method's effectiveness.Comment: 24 pages, 18 figure

An analysis of approximate controllability for Hilfer fractional delay differential equations of Sobolev type without uniqueness

This study focused on the approximate controllability results for the Hilfer fractional delay evolution equations of the Sobolev type without uniqueness. Initially, the Lipschitz condition is derived from the hypothesis, which is represented by a measure of noncompactness, in particular, nonlinearity. We also examined the continuity of the solution map of the Sobolev type of Hilfer fractional delay evolution equation and the topological structure of the solution set. Furthermore, we prove the approximate controllability of the fractional evolution equation of the Sobolev type with delay. Finally, we provided an example to illustrate the theoretical results

Improving Lesion Segmentation in FDG-18 Whole-Body PET/CT scans using Multilabel approach: AutoPET II challenge

Automatic segmentation of lesions in FDG-18 Whole Body (WB) PET/CT scans using deep learning models is instrumental for determining treatment response, optimizing dosimetry, and advancing theranostic applications in oncology. However, the presence of organs with elevated radiotracer uptake, such as the liver, spleen, brain, and bladder, often leads to challenges, as these regions are often misidentified as lesions by deep learning models. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach of segmenting both organs and lesions, aiming to enhance the performance of automatic lesion segmentation methods. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of our proposed method using the AutoPET II challenge dataset, which comprises 1014 subjects. We evaluated the impact of inclusion of additional labels and data in the segmentation performance of the model. In addition to the expert-annotated lesion labels, we introduced eight additional labels for organs, including the liver, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, lung, brain, heart, and stomach. These labels were integrated into the dataset, and a 3D UNET model was trained within the nnUNet framework. Our results demonstrate that our method achieved the top ranking in the held-out test dataset, underscoring the potential of this approach to significantly improve lesion segmentation accuracy in FDG-18 Whole-Body PET/CT scans, ultimately benefiting cancer patients and advancing clinical practice.Comment: AutoPET II challenge pape

Elevated sea surface temperature during May 2010 induces mass bleaching of corals in the Andaman

Increasing sea surface temperature (SST) and its consequences on marine ecosystems are widely discussed. Andaman Sea witnessed a few bleaching events during 1998, 2002 and 2005. The present study was taken up to assess the extent of bleaching during 2010 in selected reef sites in the Andaman through line intercept transect survey. It was found that the fully bleached corals as a percentage of total coral cover were maximum at Havelock Island (69.49), followed by South Button Island (67.28), Nicolson Island (56.45), Red Skin Island (43.39), North Bay (41.65) and Chidiyatapu (36.54). Branching corals were the worst affected, whereas the massive corals were found to have relatively withstood the elevated SST. The status of reefs and the variability in bleaching with the progression of SST with respect to different coral species are discussed

Diethyl 2-{[3-(2-meth­oxy­benz­yl)thio­phen-2-yl]methyl­idene}malonate

In the title compound, C20H22O5S, the dihedral angle between the mean planes through the thio­phene and benzene rings is 75.2 (1)°. The meth­oxy group is essentially coplanar with the benzene ring, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.019 (2) Å for the O atom. The malonate group assumes an extended conformation

Economic evaluation of shortened, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2) : a within-trial analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Background: The STREAM stage 2 trial assessed two bedaquiline-containing regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a 9-month all-oral regimen and a 6-month regimen containing an injectable drug for the first 2 months. We did a within-trial economic evaluation of these regimens. Methods: STREAM stage 2 was an international, phase 3, non-inferiority randomised trial in which participants with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis were randomly assigned (1:2:2:2) to the 2011 WHO regimen (terminated early), a 9-month injectable-containing regimen (control regimen), a 9-month all-oral regimen with bedaquiline (oral regimen), or a 6-month regimen with bedaquiline and an injectable for the first 2 months (6-month regimen). We prospectively collected direct and indirect costs and health-related quality of life data from trial participants until week 76 of follow-up. Cost-effectiveness of the oral and 6-month regimens versus control was estimated in four countries (oral regimen) and two countries (6-month regimen), using health-related quality of life for cost-utility analysis and trial efficacy for cost-effectiveness analysis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN18148631. Findings: 300 participants were included in the economic analyses (Ethiopia, 61; India, 142; Moldova, 51; Uganda, 46). In the cost-utility analysis, the oral regimen was not cost-effective in Ethiopia, India, Moldova, and Uganda from either a provider or societal perspective. In Moldova, the oral regimen was dominant from a societal perspective. In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the oral regimen was likely to be cost-effective from a provider perspective at willingness-to-pay thresholds per additional favourable outcome of more than US$4500 in Ethiopia,$1900 in India, $3950 in Moldova, and$7900 in Uganda, and from a societal perspective at thresholds of more than $15 900 in Ethiopia,$3150 in India, and $4350 in Uganda, while in Moldova the oral regimen was dominant. In Ethiopia and India, the 6-month regimen would cost tuberculosis programmes and participants less than the control regimen and was highly likely to be cost-effective in both cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. Reducing the bedaquiline price from$1·81 to $1·00 per tablet made the oral regimen cost-effective in the provider-perspective cost-utility analysis in India and Moldova and dominate over the control regimen in the provider-perspective cost-effectiveness analysis in India. Interpretation: At current costs, the oral bedaquiline-containing regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis is unlikely to be cost-effective in many low-income and middle-income countries. The 6-month regimen represents a cost-effective alternative if injectable use for 2 months is acceptable. Funding: USAID and Janssen Research & Development

Enhanced solar light active CoTiO3 coupled Sr, N codoped TiO2 heterojunction composites: fabrication, photocatalytic properties analysis and dye degradation studies

The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CoTiO3&nbsp;coupled Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;has been examined by the degradation of Reactive Yellow 84 (RY 84) under solar light irradiation. The efficient CoTiO3/Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;based heterojunction composite was prepared via dispersed method and the results were compared with Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;and bare TiO2. The prepared photocatalysts were&nbsp;analyzed&nbsp;by x-ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and diffused reflectance spectroscopy [UV-DRS] and Photoluminescence&nbsp;study&nbsp;[PL]&nbsp;, which&nbsp;implies the crystal&nbsp;structure, surface&nbsp;morphology, optical properties and quenching of electron role recombination. The charge separation of CoTiO3/Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;heterojunction composite has been improved as a result of coupling CoTiO3&nbsp;and Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;with different energy levels and the responsible for the enhancement in the rate of photocatalytic degradation. The CoTiO3/Sr, N codoped TiO2&nbsp;heterojunction composite shows better photostability at continuous photocatalytic runs. Our report will helps&nbsp;in&nbsp;the establishment&nbsp;and development of photocatalytic research

Odontogenic myxoma occurrence on the mandible: A case report

Odontogenic Myxoma is rare benign tumour . This tumour is known for its locally aggressive nature . This is a case report of patient diagnosed with odontogenic myxoma and the treatment modality advocated to hi