Q-Fever, an undermined zoonotic threat

With upto 75% of all human disease being zoonotic in origin, proper study of the diseases is necessary to prevent any outbreak or human loss. More studies are required for developing countries like Nepal where there are no appropriate provisions for situations after breakouts. One such little known sporadic zoonosis is Q-fever. Q-fever (Coxiellosis) is caused by Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii that infect cattle and other ruminants with serious concerns for developing reproductive disorders and flu-like symptoms in human. There have been reports of undifferentiated febrile illness of Rickettsial cause in human and seroprevalence of Coxiella antibodies in goats of Chitwan and dairy cattle of Rupandehi for the first time. Low infectious dose and high resistivity to environment makes the disease more potent. Q-fever continues to be unexplored in Nepal despite its identification in neighboring countries like India. Thus, this paper after reviewing related articles from various journals, proceedings and magazines from online sources like Google Scholar, Mendeley, NCBI and PubMed is aimed to evaluate current status of disease, its epidemiology, zoonotic potential and preventive measures that can be adopted to minimize the threat of the disease as much as possible

A Simple, Artistic and Efficient Modification of the Inversion Method

The simplest and fastest way of producing an acceptable and accurate cast is by adopting the two-pour or inversion method. This process is slightly cumbersome and messy due to difficulty of access. A much more efficient, easy and artistic way of accomplishing it is described by adopting a Rotating Cake Icing Table with a Silicone Baking Mat on top as an autoclavable non-stick barrier

Intellectual Property Right on Basmati Rice: Current Scenario and Evidences of Origin, Diversity, Cultivation and Use Values of Basmati Rice in Nepal

Basmati rice, also called the king/prince of rice landraces has very special values in Nepalese society as well as in other countries of Indian Subcontinent. With the objectives of collecting, analyzing and documenting Basmati related information in Nepal, we visited different sites; carried out key informant surveys; organized focus group discussions, online interaction and discussion meetings; requested all relevant offices/ persons/ stakeholders through phone, website, and letter to share information; organized high level official meeting, and Basmati rice expert meeting; documented video documentary and did online as well as library search. Because of its high market value at global level, many countries and organizations have been attempting to get intellectual property rights (mainly patent and geographical indication tag) on Basmati rice. India applied for GI tag to Basmati rice in the European Union (EU) in July 2018, and Nepal submitted opposition letter along with proofs and evidences of origin, diversity, cultivation and use values of Basmati rice on 9 December 2020. A total 133 Basmati type rice landraces are grown in 60 districts of Nepal. Basmati rice is traditionally grown, sold, and consumed in geographically localized areas of Nepal since ancient time. International and national scientists have defined lower altitude of Nepal as one of the centers of origin of Basmati rice. Many Nepalese basmati rice landraces have been characterized and evaluated using morphological traits, isozymes and DNA markers. Four basmati type of rice landraces have been registered in National Seed Board. Many community seed banks have maintained different types of Basmati rice landraces. National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center and International genebanks have collected more than 80 and conserved 68 basmati landraces. Basmati rice landraces have geo-linked traits. The historical culture of production, consumption and marketing of native basmati rice in Nepal should always be favored by both national and international rules and regulations. Nepal has ample and valid evidences to get geographical indication (GI) right on Basmati rice

Constacyclic and Linear Complementary Dual Codes Over Fq + uFq

This article discusses linear complementary dual (LCD) codes over ℜ = Fq+uFq(u2=1) where q is a power of an odd prime p. Authors come up with a new Gray map from ℜn to F2nq and define a new class of codes obtained as the gray image of constacyclic codes over .ℜ Further, we extend the study over Euclidean and Hermitian LCD codes and establish a relation between reversible cyclic codes and Euclidean LCD cyclic codes over ℜ. Finally, an application of LCD codes in multisecret sharing scheme is given

Study of Marginalization of Women in Rama Mehta's Inside the Haveli

In the social structure of this world, there are various forms of people like class, community, caste, religion or gender, suffering from the dominated sensibility of social, political, economical or ethical values but their exploitation has been general in the tendency of common perception. The close observation of these people is categorized under the head of marginalization. Marginalized people are often defined socially, politically, culturally and legally deprived of their ‘rights’ as human beings in every sphere of life and cultural society. The various groups of people, living or surviving on the verge, can be assessed with their caste, class, religion or gender differentiations. In this regard, women’s position in the society and family has been one of the most considerable issues. The condition of women whether as masters or servants has equally been dominated and deprived of rights in the men dominated society. The present paper explores the marginalization, suppression, deprivation, gender inequality and feminine sensibility of women within the patriarchal system of the society in the novel Inside the Haveli

Open Source Virtual Machines on Xen: Creation, Implementaion and Analysis

With the rapid emergence of Cloud Computing, lots of organizations, communities, groups and individuals are rushing towards Cloud services. The cloud services have the inherent benefits like minimum running and executing cost, hassle free service accessibility, on demand availability of services, viz. computing services, storage services and even using the platforms and applications directly on pay as per use basis. The backbone of Cloud is Virtualization Technology, which is re-invented to use the underlying physical resources like CPU usage, storage devices, network devices and I/O devices in an efficient and optimum way. Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) facilitates this by running multiple instances of Virtual Machines (VMs) that are configurable, updatable, reusable and manageable. To achieve this, open source VMM namely Xen is chosen, which is highly used in most of the Clouds used for commercial and academic purposes. A wide and detailed study of Xen VM creation, implementation, suggestions and critical analysis of the same is presented here, which may help understand the Xen usage in a better way and about the intricacies and challenges of adopting Xen for developing and running applications on it