Benchmarking green chemistry adoption by the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain

This paper provides the first benchmarking study of green chemistry (GC) adoption by the Indian pharmaceutical supply chain based on information from industry representatives leading such efforts. Results demonstrate that generic drug pharma and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) manufacturers in India exhibit significant interest and some advances in using GC principles. At the same time, majority (65%) of Indian companies rely on treatment and disposal of waste water instead of source reduction and one in five (20%) does not use any GC metrics. The study found that generic pharma is more advanced in adopting GC principles than API manufacturers. Regulatory risk and time pressures to deliver drugs were reported as the two most significant barriers for greater adoption of GC in India, while cost savings and environmental regulations were cited as the top two drivers. The paper concludes with some recommendations for advancing GC adoption in India