Top feed supplements is cheaper and sure shot reliable alternative to breastfeeding for elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV

Background: To find the perinatal outcome in HIV positive mothers without allowing breastfeeding.Methods: In this study all antenatal women attending our hospital OPD were screened for HIV. All HIV positive women were administered ARV prophylaxis. The method of delivery was based on the viral load in third trimester. The infants were administered NVP at birth and ZDV for six weeks. All mothers were taught the significance of infant top feeding method and were given formula feed procured by the hospital for first six months. DNA PCR screened all infants for HIV infection at 6 weeks and 6 months. They underwent HIV antibody testing by ELISA at 18 months.Results: 5701 pregnant women were screened for HIV infection from Nov 2002 to Aug 2014. 152 women were found positive for infection. 127 seropositive women delivered with us. All were administered ARV. Those who delivered with us were followed up during their pregnancy with CD4 count, viral load. All women with viral load higher than cut off women were delivered by caesarean section. All mothers were educated and provided for top feed and no children were permitted breastfeeding. They were given Nevirapine at birth and Zidovudine for 6 weeks. We found only one child positive for HIV infection out of 127 tested till the age of six months. There was no neonatal or infant mortality and significant morbidity from other infectious diseases.Conclusions: MTCT programme can lead to elimination of vertical transfer of HIV infection from mother to child even in lower socio economic class if they were provided supplementary feeds from healthcare resources along with other interventions. It is cheaper than administering ART to newborn and the mother for six months

A webometric analysis of National Libraries’ websites in South Asia

The study analyses the number of web pages, link pages and calculates the Web Impact Factor i.e., Simple Web Impact Factor, Internal Link Web Impact Factor and External Link Web Impact Factor of National Libraries in South Asian countries and ranks the websites as per the WIF. The study used Open Site Explorer optimization tool and search engine for links. The result visualized that National Library of India leads with highest Domain Authority (15.27%) and Page Authority (14.48%), the National Library of Sri Lanka (88.65%) got the highest Internal Equity-Passing Links, National Library of India (84.96%) has the highest External Equity-Passing Links and Total Equity-Passing Links with 83.69%. The National Library of Sri Lanka has the highest (88.65%) Total Internal Links and National Library, India has the highest Total External Links (84.04%) and Total Links (82.80%). The Web Impact Factor of National Library of India is the highest followed by National Library of Sri Lanka and National Library of Bhutan among the other national libraries websites.

Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography as compared to hysteroscopy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: In patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), differentiating whether the cause is anovulation or anatomic lesions can be challenging. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) has limitation in form of high false negative rate for diagnosing focal intrauterine pathology. To improve the image in TVS, saline injected into uterine cavity can be used as a negative contrast agent. Aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical value of saline infusion sonography (SIS) by comparing its diagnostic accuracy with that of established gold standard i.e. hysteroscopy.Methods: The study was carried out in a referral and teaching public sector hospital in eastern India from July 2015 to June 2016. Study population consisted of 136 premenopausal women with AUB, who were scheduled to undergo diagnostic hysteroscopy. Patients were first evaluated by sis and then followed by hysteroscopy on a later date.Results: Both SIS and hysteroscopy could be successfully performed in 136 out of 144 patients. When all findings by SIS (any pathological findings in uterine cavity vs. none) were combined and compared with hysteroscopy (gold standard), both sensitivity and specificity of sis were 0.88 whereas PPV and NPV were 0.85 and 0.90 respectively.Conclusions: Because of comparable results obtained by evaluating patients by SIS as well as office hysteroscopy, we recommend saline infusion sonography as a valuable tool for evaluating premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, before consideration for hysteroscopy

Web Content Analysis of National Libraries’ Websites in Asia: An Evaluation

The present study is carried out for analyzing the contents of national libraries’ websites in Asia. A checklist was designed, and library webpages were evaluated, such as the site description, TLDs, language used, design factor, statement of responsibility, general information, availability of aids and tools, authority details, currency, number of visitors, file format supported, use of web 2.0 tools, webpage size and download speed and ranking of Asian national library websites globally. It is observed that 39 national libraries have dedicated library websites. Further observed that all the national libraries have used graphics in their website, while few have used animations also. Most library websites have provided statements of responsibilities like postal address, email address, and phone numbers, and few have given fax numbers. Only a few have given the currency of their national library websites like date of update, which is an essential part of the website’s visibility. The National Library of Japan secured the top position based on global ranks with 8,662, Azerbaijan with 13,507 ranks, and Taiwan with 17,673 ranks.https://dorl.net/dor/ 20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.24.

Effect of Sodium Sulphate on the Index Properties and Compaction Behaviour of Neyveli Fly Ash-Shedi Soil Mixtures

This paper presents the effect of abundantly available fly ash, on the index properties namely liquid and plastic limit and compaction characteristics of shedi soil. Shedi soil is a problematic soil that lies between top low level laterite and bottom high level laterites in the western coastal area of Karnataka, India. The effect of sodium salts on this shedi soil optimized with Neyveli Fly ash has also been studied. Considerable changes in the index properties and compaction characteristics were observed which are explained based on series of experimental results. Addition of Neyveli fly ash improved the workability of shedi soil considerably. The addition of sodium sulphate to the optimum combination of shedi soil-Neyveli fly ash mixture increases the shear strength of the mixture. The maximum dry density also found increased with the addition of sodium sulphate

Students’ Attitude towards Social Networking Sites (SNSs): A Case Study of Central Institute of Technology (CIT) Kokrajhar, Assam

The present study investigates the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) by the students of Central Institute of Technology (CIT) in Kokrajhar, Assam. The survey and random sampling technique have been used for the collection of data. Around 200 structured questionnaires were distributed among the students of CIT, Kokrajhar and filled-in questionnaires were collected on the same day itself and analyzed for data interpretation in the form of tables and charts. The study explored that all the respondents were aware of SNSs and are using more than one SNSs websites, it has found that Facebook is use in large number, while YouTube and Instagram follow it. Mobile is the most preferred tool for accessing SNSs, a majority expressed that low internet speed was the main problem, also indicates that students are using SNSs for entertainment purpose. The majority 47.47% of the CIT students are satisfied, while 35.35% are partially satisfied and very few 17.17% are highly satisfied

Prescience Life of Landing Gear Using Multiaxial Fatigue Numerical Analysis

AbstractFatigue failure, which occurs in many engineering components and structures in service, is actually attributed to the multiaxial loads. This study is aimed to estimate/ prescience life of main landing gear of a medium multi-utility aircraft under multiaxial loadings. In this analysis we studied the various loading conditions among them few are the spin-up, spring-back and lateral drift loading.The equivalent stress based multiaxial fatigue criteria (Sines and Crosslands) is employed for the determination of equivalent stress due to multiaxial loading and Palmgren Miner's theory used for calculating total damage and consequently the fatigue life. It is seen that the multiaxial fatigue numerical analysis render lower life than the maximum uni-axial life value

An MINLP model to support the movement and storage decisions of the Indian food grain supply chain

This paper addresses the novel three stage food grain distribution problem of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India which comprises of farmers, procurement centers, base silos and field silos. The Indian food grain supply chain consists of various activities such as procurement, storage, transportation and distribution of food grain. In order to curb transportation and storage losses of food grain, the Food Corporation of India (FCI) is moving towards the modernized bulk food grain supply chain system. This paper develops a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model for planning the movement and storage of food grain from surplus states to deficit states considering the seasonal procurement, silo capacity, demand satisfaction and vehicle capacity constraints. The objective function of the model seeks to minimize the bulk food grain transportation, inventory holding, and operational cost. Therein, shipment cost contains the fixed and variable cost, inventory holding and operational cost considered at the procurement centers and base silos. The developed mathematical model is computationally complex in nature due to nonlinearity, the presence of numerous binary and integer variables along with a huge number of constraints, thus, it is very difficult to solve it using exact methods. Therefore, recently developed, Hybrid Particle-Chemical Reaction Optimization (HP-CRO) algorithm has been employed to solve the MINLP model. Different problem instances with growing complexities are solved using HP-CRO and the results are compared with basic Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. The results of computational experiments illustrate that the HP-CRO algorithm is competent enough to obtain the better quality solutions within reasonable computational time

Experimental investigation on the susceptibility of minimal networks to a change in topology and number of oscillators

Understanding the global dynamical behaviour of a network of coupled oscillators has been a topic of immense research in many fields of science and engineering. Various factors govern the resulting dynamical behaviour of such networks, including the number of oscillators and their coupling schemes. Although these factors are seldom significant in large populations, a small change in them can drastically affect the global behaviour in small populations. In this paper, we perform an experimental investigation on the effect of these factors on the coupled behaviour of a minimal network of candle-flame oscillators. We observe that strongly coupled oscillators exhibit the global behaviour of in-phase synchrony and amplitude death, irrespective of the number and the topology of oscillators. However, when they are weakly coupled, their global behaviour exhibits the intermittent occurrence of multiple stable states in time. In addition to states of clustering, chimera, and weak chimera, we report the experimental discovery of partial amplitude death in a network of candle-flame oscillators. We also show that closed-loop networks tend to hold global synchronization for longer duration as compared to open-loop networks. We believe that our results would find application in real-life problems such as power grids, neuronal networks, and seizure dynamics.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, not submitted anywher