On the eye diameter-total length relationship of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier)

Results of studies of chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic quality of cured fish collected from four major curing centres along the Tamil Nadu coast are reported. Only 32.43% of the samples had moisture level below 35%, 0.9% had salt 25% and above. None of the samples showed acid insoluble ash below 1.5%. The main defects were unhygienic processing, inadequate salting, use of poor quality salt and incomplete drying. Recommendations for improvement of quality are given

Correlation of rearfoot angle to Q-angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a prospective study

Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot posture to Q-angle in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.Methods: This is a two-year prospective observational study in which all patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in the age group of 20-30 years were included in the study. The static Q-angle and the rearfoot angles of these subjects were measured and analyzed statistically for their correlation.Results: There were sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. Pearson product moment correlation showed 27% subjects having rearfoot valgus and 73% having rearfoot varus angle. T test showed statistically significant Q-angle for rearfoot varus compared to rearfoot valgus.Conclusions: Rearfoot varus is more commonly associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The Q-angle increases in both rearfoot varus and valgus but is significantly more in patients with rearfoot varus.

Computation of Onset and Growth of Delamination in Double Cantilever beam Specimens Subjected to Fatigue Loading

In this article, the delamination onset and growth behavior of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens has been presented. The modeling of a debonded region using master and slave surface technique for DCB specimens is done in ABAQUS CAE. The analysis of DCB specimens comprising of fatigue cyclic load has been done in ABAQUS. An onset and Paris delamination growth regimes are plotted. The growth regime being linear in log-log scale, the prediction of constants of this regime has been obtained using the polyfit command in the MATLAB environment. To obtain these constants has been explained in this article. Comparison of experimental and analytical results is shown for delamination growth. The strain energy release rate values for threshold and critical are indicated on the graphs. The number of cycles for delamination onset and growth has been tabulated for various load cases.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 4, July 2014, pp. 400-405, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.4069

Fingernails - foreign objects in root canal: a case report

Foreign objects in the pulp chamber or root canal are not unusual findings in patients undergoing root canal treatments in which canals have been left open for drainage. Detailed case history, clinical and radiographic examinations are necessary to come to a conclusion about the nature, size, location of the foreign body and difficulty involved in its retrieval. This kind of situation is more likely to occur in children due to their habit of placing foreign objects in the mouth. The foreign objects may act as a potential source of infection and may later lead to a painful condition. Reported here is an unusual case of metallic pin along with multiple nail pieces retrieved from root canal of a patient with nail biting habit

Electrochemical Pretreatment of Distillery Wastewater Using Aluminum Electrode

Electrochemical (EC) oxidation of distillery wastewater with low (BOD5/COD) ratio was investigated using aluminum plates as electrodes. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, electrolysis duration, and current density on COD removal were studied. At a current density of 0.03 A cm-2 and at pH 3, the COD removal was found to be 72.3%. The BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.15 to 0.68 for an optimum of 120-min electrolysis duration indicating improvement of biodegradability of wastewater. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 21.58 kg COD h-1 A-1 m-2, and the minimum energy consumption observed was 0.084 kWh kg-1 COD. The kinetic study results revealed that reaction rate (k) decreased from 0.011 to 0.0063 min-1 with increase in pH from 3 to 9 while the k value increased from 0.0035 to 0.0102 min-1 with increase in current density from 0.01 to 0.03 A cm-2. This study showed that the COD reduction is more influenced by the current density. The linear and the nonlinear regression models reveal that the COD reduction is influenced by the applied current density

Study of the Electrochemical Process for Distillery Wastewater Treatment

In this work the electrochemical (EC) process is used as a pretreatment step for the treatment of distillery wastewater using iron plates as electrodes in a batch EC reactor. The maximum COD removal of 56% was achieved at a current density of 0.10 A cm-2 with 140 min of electrolysis time at wastewater pH of 3. The BOD to COD ratio increased from 0.15 to 0.52 indicating improvement in wastewater biodegradability. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 2.68 kg COD h-1A-1m-2 with a corresponding energy consumption of 0.71 kWh kg-1 COD

Lithosphere Structure and upper mantle characteristics below the Bay of Bengal

The oceanic lithosphere in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) formed 80–120 Ma following the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland. Since its formation, it has been affected by the emplacement of two long N-S trending linear aseismic ridges (85oE and Ninetyeast) and by the loading of ca. 20-km of sediments of the Bengal Fan. Here, we present the results of a combined spatial and spectral domain analysis of residual geoid, bathymetry and gravity data constrained by seismic reflection and refraction data. Self-consistent geoid and gravity modeling defined by temperature-dependent mantle densities along a N-S transect in the BOB region revealed that the depth to the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary (LAB) deepens steeply from 77 km in the south to 127 km in north, with the greater thickness being anomalously thick compared to the lithosphere of similar-age beneath the Pacific Ocean. The Geoid-Topography Ratio (GTR) analysis of the 85°E and Ninetyeast ridges indicate that they are compensated at shallow depths. Effective elastic thickness (Te) estimates obtained through admittance/ coherence analysis as well as the flexural modeling along these ridges led to the conclusions: i) 85°E Ridge was emplaced in off-ridge environment (Te = 10–15 km); ii) the higher Te values of ?25 km over the Afanasy Nikitin Seamount (ANS) reflect the secondary emplacement of the seamount peaks in off-ridge environment, iii) that the emplacement of the Ninetyeast Ridge north of 2°N occurred in an off-ridge environment as indicated by higher Te values (25-30 km). Furthermore, the admittance analysis of geoid and bathymetry revealed that the admittance signatures at wavelengths >800 km are compensated by processes related to upper mantle convection

Improvement of Bod5/Cod Ratio Inpre-Treated Distillery Waste Water by Electrochemical Treatment Method

Electrochemical oxidation of low (BOD5/COD) ratio post-methanation distillery wastewater was investigated. The effects of operating parameters like pH, electrolysis duration and current density on COD removal were studied. At a current density of 0.03 Ampere/cm2 and at pH 3 the COD removal was found to be 72%. The BOD5/COD ratio of pretreated distillery wastewater was 0.145 and increased to 0.686 for an optimum of 120 minutes electrolysis duration indicating improvement of biodegradability of wastewater. The TOC reduction is 8.77% at 180 minutes of electrolysis duration. The maximum anodic efficiency observed was 21.58 kg COD h-1A-1m-2 and the minimum energy consumption observed was 84.16 wh kg-1 COD. The kinetic study reveals that reaction rate (k) decreases with increase in pH and increases with increase in current density