Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin- and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype

Chondroblastoma of the calcaneus: radiographic features with emphasis on location.

Fourteen cases of chondroblastoma of the calcaneus have been examined and the radiographic features described. Thirteen occured in males. In all but one case the location was either at the talocalcaneal articulation or adjacent to the posterior calcaneal cortex. A sclerotic margin was present in all instances. Occasionally calcifications and septations were seen

Patellar tendon rupture with underlying systemic disease.

Two patients with patellar tendon rupture and underlying systemic disease are described. One had systemic lupus erythematosus and the other had chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. There have been 13 other cases of patellar tendon rupture in patients with systemic disease reported in the literature and they are reviewed. Patellar tendon rupture has occurred spontaneously in more than one-half of the cases and has been associated with rupture of the contralateral extensor tendon mechanism in 87%. Although patellar tendon rupture almost always occurs at the tendinous insertion, on a rare occasion (as in one case described in this report), the tear may involve the main substance of the tendon, which is the part of the tendon with the greatest tensile strength. The relation between systemic disease and patellar tendon rupture is discussed and the clinical and radiographic findings are described

Efeito da luminosidade e da adição de nitrogênio no crescimento de plantas de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Effect of light and nitrogen on the growth of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar o efeito de diferentes níveis de luminosidade e da adição de adubo nitrogenado sobre o crescimento das plantas de erva-mate, no primeiro ano de crescimento. No experimento, usou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em quatro tratamentos e dois subtratamentos, tendo 16 parcelas por bloco. O esquema adotado foi o fatorial, tendo como variável constante a luminosidade em quatro intensidades (100, 70, 50 e 30%) e o nitrogênio como variável interveniente sobre as parcelas. As leituras foram efetuadas a cada 45 dias, em três horários diários por três dias consecutivos, durante um ano. Verificou-se que a condição mais adequada para o crescimento das plantas foi com luminosidades de 50 e 30%. A adição de nitrogênio não mostrou influência relevante no crescimento da erva-mate, especialmente nas luminosidades de 100 e 70%, enquanto o aumento da luminosidade tendeu a reduzir o crescimento das plantas. Contudo, as plantas adubadas (1N) tiveram maior rebrota que aquelas não-adubadas. A adição de nitrogênio mineral, em dosagens elevadas, foi danosa para as plantas de erva-mate, acarretando a mortalidade nas parcelas com tratamentos de maior luminosidade.<br>This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of luminosity and nitrogen addition on the height of mate plants in the first year of growth. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with three replicates, in four treatments and two sub-treatments, in a total of 16 plots per block, in a factorial design, with the luminosity in four different intensities (100%, 70%, 50% and 30%) and the nitrogen application as the intervening variable on the plots. Data were collected every 45 days, in three daily schedules during three consecutive days, over one year. It was found that the best conditions to plant growth were 50% and 30% luminosity. The nitrogen addition have no relevant influence in plant growth, particularly at 100% and 70% luminosity, while the increase in luminosity contributed to the reduction in plant growth. However, the fertilized plants (1N) increased regrowth. Nitrogen addition at high doses damaged the mate plants and caused death of mate plants in the plots with higher luminosity