Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Endovascular Stroke Treatment: External Validation of Prediction Models

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a severe complication of reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke. Multiple models have been developed to predict sICH or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after reperfusion therapy. We provide an overview of published models and validate their ability to predict sICH in patients treated with endovascular treatment in daily clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a systematic search to identify models either developed or validated to predict sICH or ICH after reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular treatment) for ischemic stroke. Models were externally validated in the MR CLEAN Registry (n=3180; Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands). The primary outcome was sICH according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Model performance was evaluated with discrimination (c-statistic, ideally 1; a c-statistic below 0.7 is considered poor in discrimination) and calibration (slope, ideally 1, and intercept, ideally 0). Results: We included 39 studies describing 40 models. The most frequently used predictors were baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; n=35), age (n=22), and glucose level (n=22). In the MR CLEAN Registry, sICH occurred in 188/3180 (5.9%) patients. Discrimination ranged from 0.51 (SPAN-100 [Stroke Prognostication Using Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale]) to 0.61 (SITS-SICH [Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage] and STARTING-SICH [STARTING Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage]). Best calibrated models were IST-3 (intercept, -0.15 [95% CI, -0.01 to -0.31]; slope, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.50-1.09]), SITS-SICH (intercept, 0.15 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.30]; slope, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.38-0.87]), and STARTING-SICH (intercept, -0.03 [95% CI, -0.19 to 0.12]; slope, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.35-0.76]). Conclusions: The investigated models to predict sICH or ICH discriminate poorly between patients with a low and high risk of sICH after endovascular treatment in daily clinical practice and are, therefore, not clinically useful for this patient population

The effectiveness of lifestyle triple P in the Netherlands: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction Lifestyle Triple P is a general parenting intervention which focuses on preventing further excessive weight gain in overweight and obese children. The objective of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of the Lifestyle Triple P intervention in the Netherlands. Method We used a parallel randomized controlled design to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 86 child-parent triads (children 4-8 years old, overweight or obese) were recruited and randomly assigned (allocation ratio 1:1) to the Lifestyle Triple P intervention or the control condition. Parents in the intervention condition received a 14-week intervention consisting of ten 90-minute group sessions and four individual telephone sessions. Primary outcome measure was the children' s body composition (BMI z-scores, waist circumference and skinfolds). The research assistant who performed the measurements was blinded for group assignment. Secondary outcome measures were the children's dietary behavior and physical activity level, parenting practices, parental feeding style, parenting style, and parental self-efficacy. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 4 months (shortterm) and 12 months (long-term) after baseline. Multilevel multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the effect of the intervention on primary and secondary outcome measures. Results No intervention effects were found on children's body composition. Analyses of secondary outcomes showed positive short-term intervention effects on children's soft-drink consumption and parental responsibility regarding physical activity, encouragement to eat, psychological control, and efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. Longer-term intervention effects were found on parent 's report of children's time spent on sedentary behavior and playing outside, parental monitoring food intake, and responsibility regarding nutrition. Conclusion Although the Lifestyle Triple P intervention showed positive effects on some parent reported child behaviors and parenting measures, no effects were visible on children's body composition or objectively measured physical activity. Several adjustments of the intervention content are recommended, for example including a booster session

Alfonso de Toro, "Texto-mensaje-Recipiente", Tübingen 1988

Lifestyle Triple P is a general parenting intervention which focuses on preventing further excessive weight gain in overweight and obese children. The objective of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of the Lifestyle Triple P intervention in the Netherlands.We used a parallel randomized controlled design to test the effectiveness of the intervention. In total, 86 child-parent triads (children 4-8 years old, overweight or obese) were recruited and randomly assigned (allocation ratio 1:1) to the Lifestyle Triple P intervention or the control condition. Parents in the intervention condition received a 14-week intervention consisting of ten 90-minute group sessions and four individual telephone sessions. Primary outcome measure was the children's body composition (BMI z-scores, waist circumference and skinfolds). The research assistant who performed the measurements was blinded for group assignment. Secondary outcome measures were the children's dietary behavior and physical activity level, parenting practices, parental feeding style, parenting style, and parental self-efficacy. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 4 months (short-term) and 12 months (long-term) after baseline. Multilevel multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the effect of the intervention on primary and secondary outcome measures.No intervention effects were found on children's body composition. Analyses of secondary outcomes showed positive short-term intervention effects on children's soft-drink consumption and parental responsibility regarding physical activity, encouragement to eat, psychological control, and efficacy and satisfaction with parenting. Longer-term intervention effects were found on parent's report of children's time spent on sedentary behavior and playing outside, parental monitoring food intake, and responsibility regarding nutrition.Although the Lifestyle Triple P intervention showed positive effects on some parent reported child behaviors and parenting measures, no effects were visible on children's body composition or objectively measured physical activity. Several adjustments of the intervention content are recommended, for example including a booster session.Nederlands Trial Register NTR 2555

Overview of parenting scales.

<p>^a5-point Likert scale form disagree to agree</p><p>^b5-point Likert scale from never to always</p><p>^c5-point Likert sc^ale ^from completely disagree to completely agree</p><p>^d6-pont Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree.</p><p>Overview of parenting scales.</p

Short- and long-term intervention effects on physical activity, sedentary activity and nutrition.

<p>Note: T0 = baseline, T1 = 4 months after baseline, T2 = 12 months after baseline, SD = standard deviation, B = regression coefficient, CI = confidence interval, MVPA = Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity.</p><p>¹maximum number of respondents, numbers differ per outcome measure.</p><p>²outcomes measured in hours per week.</p><p>³outcomes measured in minutes per day.</p><p>⁴frequency per week.</p><p>⁵pieces per week.</p><p>⁶grams per week.</p><p>⁷glasses per week.</p><p>*P<0.05</p><p>**P<0.001.</p><p>Short- and long-term intervention effects on physical activity, sedentary activity and nutrition.</p

Short- and long-term intervention effects on parenting measures: parenting behaviors

<p>Note: T0 = baseline, T1 = 4 months after baseline, T2 = 12 months after baseline, SD = standard deviation, B = regression coefficient, CI = confidence interval.</p><p>¹Maximum number of respondents, numbers differ per outcome measure.</p><p>²Scores on 5-point Likert scale 0–5.</p><p>*P<0.05</p><p>**P<0.001.</p><p>Short- and long-term intervention effects on parenting measures: parenting behaviors</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>¹ 39 parents in the intervention condition and 37 parents in the control condition filled out the baseline questionnaire.</p><p>² 38 mothers in the intervention condition and 38 mothers in the control condition attended the anthropometric measurement sessions.</p><p>³ 26 fathers in the intervention condition and 23 fathers in the control condition attended the anthropometric measurement sessions.</p><p>Baseline characteristics.</p

Clustering of health-related behaviors and their determinants: possible consequences for school health interventions

Characterizing school health promotion is its category-by-category approach, in which each separate health-related behavior is addressed independently. Such an approach creates a risk that extra-curricular activities become overloaded, and that teaching staff are distracted by continuous innovations. Within the health promotion sector there are thus increasing calls for an integrative approach to health-related behaviors. However, a meaningful integrative approach to different lifestyles will be possible only if there is some clustering of individual health-related behaviors and if health-related behaviors have a minimum number of determinants in common. This systematic review aims to identify to what extent the four health-related behaviors smoking, alcohol abuse, safe sex and healthy nutrition cluster; and how their determinants are associated. Potentially modifiable determinants that offer clues for an integrative approach of school health-promotion programs are identified. Besides, the direction in which health educators should look for a more efficient instructional design is indicated