Indonesia against the trend? Ageing and inter-generational wealth flows in two Indonesian communities

Indonesian family systems do not conform to the prevailing image of Asian families, the predominant arrangements being nuclear and bilateral, with an important matrilineal minority. This paper considers the strength of family ties in two communities, focussing particularly on inter-generational flows of support to and from older members. Data are drawn from a longitudinal anthropological demography that combines ethnographic and panel survey methods. Several sources of variation in family ties are detailed, particularly the heterogeneity of support flows - balanced, upward, and downward - that co-exist in both communities. Different norms in each locale give sharply contrasting valuations of these flows. The ability of families to observe norms is influenced by the effectiveness of networks and by socio-economic status

The St. Marks Migratory Bird Refuge

Just as early man killed off the Indian, so is his successors killing off the game unless something is done and done immediately to curb the killing desire of many of our American people. ,Just as our forests are being· depleted, so is the game being depleted. We have in part learned our lesson in forestry; so why not take heed before \u27\u27the horse is stolen the second time?\u27\u27 The \u27\u27barn door\u27\u27 is being closed now slowly but surely by the establishment of migratory bird refuges throughout the United States, both in the breeding country and in the resting country or wintering grounds

Using Interactive Engagement Strategies to Enhance Learning in College Science Courses

The number of decreasing science majors in U.S. institutions of higher education is connected to the quality of science instruction (Seymour, 1994; Daempfle, 2003) and resulted in nation-wide efforts to improve the quality of college-level science education (National Committee on Science Education Standards and Assessment et al., 1996; NGSS Lead States, 2013). This talk presents historical trends in the adoption of interactive engagement (IE) strategies in college-level science courses and presents one such IE strategy, lecture tutorials (LTs), in the context of sedimentology and stratigraphy. To determine historical trends in the adoption of IE strategies, peer-reviewed journal articles accessible via the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) reviewed for the period of 1994-2014. The review reveals growth in IE strategy adoption, especially in the field of Biology. Five distinct types of IE strategies emerged from the literature review: polling, whole-class discussion and activities, in-class group work, out-of-class group work, and online activities. One form of in-class group work includes LTs, which are designed to improve students’ conceptual understanding. To identify weaknesses in students’ conceptual understanding of sedimentology and stratigraphy, geoscience instructors at institutions of higher education across the U.S. were surveyed. Four LTs were designed to address the identified weaknesses and tested using a quasi-experimental design, which compared the learning gains of a control group (lecture-only) with a treatment group (lecture-and-LT). Three of the four LTs produced significant learning gains above the lecture-only scenarios. IE strategies developed in one discipline (e.g., LTs were initially developed in Physics) offer potential for their transferability to other disciplines. Although the disciplinary content and context will necessarily change, the overriding design and implementation principles developed in one discipline provide a jump start for the creation of curricular materials for similar IE strategies in other disciplines

Keeping to the code:How local norms of friendship and dating inform macro-structures of adolescents’ romantic networks

Even though romantic partnerships are often understood as pairwise relationships, there is value in conceptualizing the dating patterns of adolescents as network phenomena, particularly as related to the spread of sexually transmitted infections. The current study adopts this perspective to evaluate how a local norm guiding the coexistence of dating and friendship informs macro-level romantic network structures. Using twelve months of romantic relationship data from the Peers and the Emergence of Adolescent Romance (PEAR) study, we find that the global dating network resembles a chain-like, spanning tree structure consistent with that observed by Bearman and colleagues (2004) in their foundational study. Then, through the application of temporal ERGMs, we uncover evidence that adolescents adhere to a social norm against dating their friends’ previous romantic partners. We use these findings to empirically ground a series of network simulations, which demonstrate that the romantic network's structure becomes less redundant and more clustered as the norm against dating friends’ previous partners is relaxed. By understanding how local norms shape patterns of friendship and dating, we can better conceptualize the macro-level structural patterns of romantic networks and their implications for infectious disease diffusion

Modeling Criminal Careers as Departures from a Unimodal Population Age-Crime Curve: The Case of Marijuana Use

A major aim of longitudinal analyses of life course data is to describe the within- and between-individual variability in a behavioral outcome, such as crime. Statistical analyses of such data typically draw on mixture and mixed-effects growth models. In this work, we present a functional analytic point of view and develop an alternative method that models individual crime trajectories as departures from a population age-crime curve. Drawing on empirical and theoretical claims in criminology, we assume a unimodal population age-crime curve and allow individual expected crime trajectories to differ by their levels of offending and patterns of temporal misalignment. We extend Bayesian hierarchical curve registration methods to accommodate count data and to incorporate influence of baseline covariates on individual behavioral trajectories. Analyzing self-reported counts of yearly marijuana use from the Denver Youth Survey, we examine the influence of race and gender categories on differences in levels and timing of marijuana smoking. We find that our approach offers a flexible and realistic model for longitudinal crime trajectories that fits individual observations well and allows for a rich array of inferences of interest to criminologists and drug abuse researchers

Research on Students\u27 Conceptual Understanding of Geology/Solid Earth Science Content

Solid Earth is a broad concept, representing processes at the surface of the Earth, as well as the subsurface all the way to the solid inner core. Fields of study encompassed in this domain include geomorphology, historical geology, mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, structural geology – all topics that are touched upon in introductory coursework, and constitute the core of an undergraduate geology curriculum. Combined with cognate coursework in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, the conceptual load in the Solid Earth curriculum is significant. The risks of poor understanding of solid Earth concepts are non-trivial, ranging from the economic costs of commodities and energy to the potentially fatal impact of hazards from mass-wasting, flooding, volcanic activity, and earthquakes. As a result, undergraduate geoscience studies are faced with two main problems: (a) the determination of students\u27 solid Earth misconceptions when they participate in geoscience coursework, including their persistence and the means to address them, and (b) the determination of optimal learning progressions in geoscience instruction to accommodate preparation of geoscience professionals and Earth science teachers, as well as general education students. In this theme chapter, these two grand challenges are explored and recommended strategies are proposed to address them

Evaluating Herbicides for the Control of Multiflora Rose and Autumn Olive in Eastern Ohio

Invasive plants cause billions of dollars annually in damage, displace desirable plants, and reduce available land area for livestock grazing. Multiflora rose and autumn olive are two such species prevalent across the Eastern United States. Originally introduced for livestock containment and erosion control, these plants have become widespread, resulting in reduced animal grazing. The Eastern Agricultural Research Station (EARS) is located in Southeast Ohio and is owned by The Ohio State University. Much of the more than 2,000 acres has a history of surface mining and was reclaimed with the planting of multiflora rose and autumn olive. These plants have invaded significant portions of the property and have reduced land available to support the commercial beef research herd. Our study included a replicated trial of multiflora rose and autumn olive plants. We categorized plants into small and medium/large sizes across the study area. Six herbicide treatments were applied to plants using a handheld sprayer. Herbicide treatments were applied randomly in August and an assessment was completed approximately six weeks to rate effectiveness of the applications as compared to the control plants. There were four replicates per treatment. The initial results of the first year of the study indicate each of the products tested provided acceptable control of the treated plants