Effect of chitosan coating with the addition of caraway essential oil and beeswax on oxidative stability of petrovská klobása sausage

The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of chitosan coating with the addition of caraway essential oil and beeswax on lipid oxidation protection, as well as aroma and water content preservation of traditional dry fermented Petrovská klobása sausage. During the entire storage period, TBARS index value in coated sausage was lower compared to the control (P–1 and 0.66±0.03 mg kg–1, while after seven months of storage, these values were 0.82±0.05 mg kg–1 and 0.67±0.02 mg kg–1, respectively. While content of saturated aliphatic aldehydes increased in control sausage (P<0.05), it remained unchanged in coated sausage during 7 months of storage. Lipid oxidation protective effect could be correlated to higher marks for aroma of coated sausage during the entire storage period (P<0.05). Coating slowed moisture loss of coated sausage compared to the control (P<0.05)

Monolacunary Wells-Dawson Polyoxometalate as a Novel Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography: A Comprehensive Study on In Vivo Toxicity and Biodistribution

Polyoxotungstate nanoclusters have recently emerged as promising contrast agents for computed tomography (CT). In order to evaluate their clinical potential, in this study, we evaluated the in vitro CT imaging properties, potential toxic effects in vivo, and tissue distribution of monolacunary Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate, α2-K10P2W17O61.20H2O (mono-WD POM). Mono-WD POM showed superior X-ray attenuation compared to other tungsten-containing nanoclusters (its parent WD-POM and Keggin POM) and the standard iodine-based contrast agent (iohexol). The calculated X-ray attenuation linear slope for mono-WD POM was significantly higher compared to parent WD-POM, Keggin POM, and iohexol (5.97 ± 0.14 vs. 4.84 ± 0.05, 4.55 ± 0.16, and 4.30 ± 0.09, respectively). Acute oral (maximum-administered dose (MAD) = 960 mg/kg) and intravenous administration (1/10, 1/5, and 1/3 MAD) of mono-WD POM did not induce unexpected changes in rats’ general habits or mortality. Results of blood gas analysis, CO-oximetry status, and the levels of electrolytes, glucose, lactate, creatinine, and BUN demonstrated a dose-dependent tendency 14 days after intravenous administration of mono-WD POM. The most significant differences compared to the control were observed for 1/3 MAD, being approximately seventy times higher than the typically used dose (0.015 mmol W/kg) of tungsten-based contrast agents. The highest tungsten deposition was found in the kidney (1/3 MAD—0.67 ± 0.12; 1/5 MAD—0.59 ± 0.07; 1/10 MAD—0.54 ± 0.05), which corresponded to detected morphological irregularities, electrolyte imbalance, and increased BUN levels

Tocopherol composition in cold-pressed oil of Serbian confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseeds crop among the four major oilseeds crop cultivated in the world viz., soybean, brassica, sunflower and groundnut. Two types of sunflower are grown viz., gil seed purpose and non- oil seed sunflower for commercial market. Non-oilseed sunflower is known as confectionery sunflower and their seed generally is larger than that of the oilseed types and has a lower oil percentage with high protein and sugar content. Vegetable oils are significant sources of antioxidants in human nutrition. Natural antioxidants present in oils have obtained substantial attention because of their health and nutritional effects. Plants produce of antioxidant compounds such as tocopherols and tocotrienols to prevent oxidation of the susceptible substrate. Antioxidant properties the tocopherols content of oils can give human health benefits like modulating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and a protective effect by lowering LDL cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. Over the last few years, increased interest for natural antioxidant in cold-pressed plant oils has been observed since they have better nutritive properties in comparation to refined ones. The aim of this study was to investigate tocopherols composition (a-, B-, y- tocopherols) in selected 10 cold-pressed sunflower oils obtained from confectionary sunflower hybrids cultivated in Serbia (2017 harvest). Quantification of tocopherols was carried out using high performance liquid chromatographyon a column Nucleosil 100-5 NHz with fluorescence detection (Acx=280 nm, hem=340 nm). The mobile phase was n-hexane/ethyl acetate (70/30, v/v) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Total tocopherols content in cold-pressed sunflower oils ranged from 413.13 mg/kg in NS-H-6791 hybrid to 720.99 mg/kg in NS-H-6488 hybrid. Major vitamers for those tested hybrids was a- tocopherol. The results have shown that there were significant differences in tocopherols composition and content among the hybrids, indicating the great genetic potential for improvement

The content of buckwheat flour in wheat bread

Seven samples of bread were prepared in a special way. Samples were made of a mixture of wheat and buckwheat flour in defined proportions. Carbohydrates from crumbs of bread were derivatized with BSTFA and analyzed by GC-MS. Multivariate analysis was applied. The purpose of this study was not the identification and quantification of carbohydrate composition. The results demonstrated a clear relation between the carbohydrate composition of the bread samples and the type of flour used for their production.[Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31066 i br. III 46005

Determination of the trans fatty acid content of Serbian shortenings by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The fatty acid composition and trans fatty acid (TFA) content of Serbian shortenings were determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The saturated, cis-monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were within the ranges of 16.0–89.0, 4.9–41.9 and 0.0–23.2% of total fatty acids, respectively. Among the saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid (4.8–48.7%) was dominant and its higher amount indicates that palm oil was the major contributor in the shortening manufacturing. The content of total trans fatty acids ranged from 0.0% to 48.7% of total fatty acids and the mean was 27.4%. Trans 18:1 isomers were the major group of TFA present in analysed samples, representing 94.2% of total trans isomers. The content of all 18:2 trans isomers ranged from 0.0% to 3.6% of total fatty acids. Among thirty-four analysed samples only six contained low level of TFA (0.0–3.1%) while the rest contained very high amounts of TFA (10.2–48.7%) which clearly indicate that partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are still the major raw materials used in the production of shortenings in Serbia

Optimizacija postupka ekstrakcije polifenola iz pogače konzumnog suncokreta

Seme suncokreta se odavnina koristi u Ijudskoj ishrani i u danaSnje vreme predstavlja jednu od najvise gajenih uljanih kultura u svetu. Razlikuju se dva tipa suncokreta koji se gaje, uljani tip | konzumni tip. Uljani tip suncokreta se proizvodi za dobijanje jestivog biljnog ulja, dok se konzumni suncokret odlikuje manjim sadrzajem ulja i visokim sadrzajem proteina i drugih bioloski aktivnih jedinjenja, i koristi se preteZno za lIjudsku ishranu usled visoke hranljive vrednosti. U poslednje vreme, mogucnost proizvodnje ulja od konzumnog suncokreta je predmet interesovanja kako u nauénim krugovima, tako i u krugovima proizvodaga i preradivaéa. Ulja iz konzumnog suncokreta dobijaju se cedenjem, tj. primenom mehanickih presa i delovanjem sile na seme. Nerafinisano, hladno cedeno ulje poseduje karakteristi€na senzorna svojstva i sadrzi ocuvane bioaktivne komponente koje poti€u iz semena suncokreta. Usled odsustva rafinacije, ova ulja su specificna po svom izgledu, boji, mirisu i ukusu, hemijskom sastavu, nutritivnoj vrednosti i odrzivosti. Nakon mehanickog izdvajanja ulja presovanjem semena zaostaje pogaca koja prakti¢no predstavija otpad iz prehrambene industrije i najéeée se koristi za ishranu Zivotinja. Pored visokog sadrzaja proteina, pogaca sadrizi znaéajne koliéine biologki aktivnih jedinjenja, te moze predstavijati polaznu sirovinu za dobijanje ekstrakata koji sadrze visoko vredna jedinjenja i koji bi dalje mogli da se koriste za obogacivanje prehrambenih proizvoda ili kao dodaci u farmaceutskim proizvodima. Polifenoli, pored ostalih vaznih jedinjenja, predstavijaju veoma znacajnu grupu supstanci koje se nalaze u konzumnom suncokretu. Unosenje ove vrste jedinjenja hranom ima visestruke efekte na |judsko zdravije, prvenstveno povezanih sa njihovom izrazenom antioksidativnom aktivnoscu i sposobnosti eliminacije slobodnih radikala. Konzumacija hrane bogate antioksidantima smanjuje inflamaciju i nivo oksidativnog stresa kod €oveka.?? Takode oni pozitivno uti€u na celokupan kardiovaskularni sistem i proces starenja. Istrazivanja su potvrdila pozitivnu ulogu polifenolnih jedinjenja u prevenciji razvoja raka, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa, osteoporoze i neurodegenerativnih bolesti.? $ obzirom na pozitivno dejstvo na zdravije ljudi, otuda i veliko interesovanje za proucavanje ovih prirodnih jedinjenja, kao i ispitivanje njihovih novih potencijalnih izvora unosa. Za ekstrakciju polifenola iz razlicitih biljnih materijala mogu se koristiti razli¢ite tehnike ekstrakcije. Uobiéajeni postupci ekstrakcije su nedovoljno efikasni i ne omogucavaju visoko iskoriscenje biljnog materijala, zahtevaju upotrebu zna¢ajno vecih kolicina organiskih rastvaraca, uz istovremeni veliki utroSak energije usled dugotrajnih procesa ekstrakcije, neophodnosti zagrevanje i mesanja. U poslednje vreme se mnogo cesce koriste moderne tehnike kao Sto su mikrotalasna i ultrazvuéna ekstrakcija koje se ubrajaju u metode ,,zelene ekstrakcije“ i imaju za cilj zastitu Zivotne sredine i opsteg zdravlja Ijudi. Generalno, koncept zelenih tehnika podrazumeva smanjenje ili eliminaciju primene toksi¢nih rastvaraca za ekstrakciju uz istovremeno povecanje iskoriscenja procesa kroz manji utrosak energije, manje generisanje otpada, kra¢e vreme trajanja procesa i manje angazovanje operatera

Sunflower seed cake as a potential bioresource for isolation of flavonoids

Sunflower seed cake is remaining after isolation of oil from sunflower seeds and practically represents a waste from production of cold pressed sunflower oils. This waste product is consider as a viable potential source of various natural compounds and can be exploited for the production of new products and isolation of valuable substances such as biologically active compounds and nutraceuticals. In addition, isolation of biologically active substances from food waste represents the way for recycling and may be economically attractive as well. Flavonoids represent a group of polyphenol compounds with a high antioxidant power. These phytochemicals are known to reduce many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, diabetes, obesity and certain cancer [1]. In this work we investigated the flavonoids content in seven sunflower seed cakes coming from cold pressed oil production. Flavonoids are extracted by using 80% ethanol and ultrasound-assisted extraction at 30°C for 10 minutes. Total flavonoid content is determined by a colorimetric method [2]. The results showed that sunflower seed cakes contained significant amounts of total flavonoids. The total flavonoids content is found to be in the range from 12.3 to 24.6 mg of catechin equivalent/g. The results proved that sunflower seed cakes obtained from cold pressed oil production represent valuable by-product and can be used as a raw material for isolation of bioactive flavonoids which could be further applied for development of various functional foods