165 research outputs found
Pneumatic transportation of dispersed medium through a vertical tube immersed into a fluidized bed
We discuss the technical problem of how to transport granular material in a vertical direction from the underlying section of a multistage apparatus containing a fluidized bed to an upper section through tubes immersed into the fluidized bed without additional expenditures of energy. The intensity with which the dispersed medium (a mixture of gas and fuel particles) moves through the tube and the mass flowrate of particles are determined by the ratio between the hydraulic resistances of dispersed medium inside the tube and of the fluidized bed outside of it. In turn, this ratio depends on the fluidization number W (W = w s/w 0, where w s is the seepage velocity and w 0 is the fluidization commencement velocity) and on the tube immersing depth into the bed. Β© 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Inc
Scenario forecasting of the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russian regions
Relevance. There is a perceived lack of methods that can accurately, reliably and comprehensively reflect the epidemiological situation in regions and its impact on their socio-economic development. The approaches that are currently described in research literature do not take into account the multivariance of scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in time and space.Research objective. The article aims to present a methodological framework that could be used to predict the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in regions and to detect the most vulnerable regions.Β Β Data and methods. The study relies on a set of methods, including the methods of regression modeling, ARIMA forecasting and spatial correlation analysis.Results. The panel regression analysis has confirmed the negative impact of the pandemic on socio-economic development, in particular, the growth of overdue wage arrears, unemployment, arrears, the number of liquidated organizations, and the industrial production index. We have also identified the most vulnerable regions that need to be prioritized for government support.Conclusions. The resulting models and scenarios can be used by policy-makers to set the priorities of state policy for the economic support of the regions and stabilization of the epidemiological situation in the country
Determination of the dimensions of the heat-affected zone in welding gas pipeline components
Analytical decisions supported by experimental data were used to determine the dependences for calculating the size of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in multilayer welding of circumferential joints in transmission gas pipelines. Data on the dimensions of this zone are essential for evaluating the possibility of applying cold cutting in the rejection of elements of gas pipelines because of defects in circumferential welded joints or welded joints in transition rings in the vicinity of circumferential welded joints. Β© 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Objectives. Due to their structures, pentaerythritol esters have a number of appealing properties such as high viscosity index when used as oils and excellent compatibility with polyvinyl chloride when used as plasticizers. For the production of pentaerythritol and carboxylic acids, natural gas can be used as a feedstock, which implies a strategic development of the petrochemical industry, a decrease in the amount of gas used for combustion, and its applications for the production of chemical products.Methods. The synthesis process was conducted in a self-catalysis mode with excess acids in a molar ratio of 8:1 and in the presence of a solvent (toluene) of ~30% per reaction mass. This ensures a uniform distillation of the reaction water at a constant temperature of 100β110 Β°C, a decrease in the side reaction products, and an increase in process selectivity. The products from the reaction mass were isolated by vacuum distillation, and identification of all the synthesized tetraesters was performed by chromatographyβmass spectrometry analysis.Results. This work proposes options for optimizing the conditions of the thermal esterification of pentaerythritol with isomeric monocarboxylic acids (isobutyric, isovaleric, pivalic, and 2-ethylhexanoic acids) that have different reactivities due to their structures. Methods for isolating tetraesters of pentaerythritol and corresponding acids have been developed. The characteristics of the main series of ions of tetraesters of pentaerythritol and aliphatic isomeric acids C4βC8 in the mass spectra were obtained.Conclusions. The yields of tetraesters were at 95%β96% of the theoretical value, and product purity was >99.6%. The resulting target products (tetraesters) were characterized by relative color stability, where the maximum degree of color after cleaning was less than 20 units according to Hazen (180 units for tetra-2-ethylhexnoate), which corresponds to the standards in GOST 29131-91 (ISO 2211-73). The esterification rates were compared, and it was shown that the quantitative yields of isomeric tetraesters at 100β110 Β°C were achieved in 12β15 h for isobutyric and isovaleric acids, 25β27 h for 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, and ~40 h for pivalic acid. Β Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²: Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠΠ₯) ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π°Π·, ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π·Π°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π‘4βΠ‘8.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 8:1, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΠ»Π°) ~30% Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ 100β110 Β°Π‘, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, 2-ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ), ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π‘4βΠ‘8 Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Ρ
.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 95β96% ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 99.6%. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ (ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ) Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ: ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 Π΅Π΄. ΠΏΠΎ Π₯Π°Π·Π΅Π½Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°-2-ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠ° β 180), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠΠ‘Π’ 29131-91 (ΠΠ‘Π 2211-73). ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ 100β110 Β°Π‘ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ: Π·Π° 12β15 Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, 25β27 Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ 2-ΡΡΠΈΠ»-Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ~40 Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ
Increased spatial heterogeneity in recent years in the processes of attracting banking capital to the Russian economy negatively affects the pace of socio-economic development of regions. The purpose of the research is to assess the dynamics of changes in spatial heterogeneity in the processes of attracting banking capital in the Russian economy and to model the system of interregional relationships in these processes. Scientific novelty of research is the development of a methodological approach involving the systematic use of methods such as: spatial autocorrelation analysis according to the methodology of P. Moran and L. Anselin, regression analysis using panel data, testing cause-and- effect relationships using the Granger method, formation of a matrix of functional dependencies between regional systems. The developed methodological approach allowed to confirm the trend of increasing spatial heterogeneity in the processes of attraction of banking capital in the Russian economy, to identify regional centers with a high level of concentration and formation a matrix of interregional relationships. It is shown that almost all Russian banking capital is now concentrated in Moscow, St. Petersburg and the Kostroma region. The inflow of bank capital into the economy of these regions leads to its outflow from regions with inverse relationships (negative index of spatial autocorrelation). The results of the research can be used by the executive authorities of the federal and regional levels to find mechanisms to attract banking capital in the economy of regions. One such mechanism could be a reduction in the key rate of the Bank of Russia and State support for regional banks that use low interest rates for lending to households and enterprises in the real sector of the economy.Π£ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π. ΠΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠΌΠΈ (ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°
Recommended from our members
A Gridded Electron Gun for a Sheet Beam Klystron
This paper describes the development of an electron gun for a sheet beam klystron. Initially intended for accelerator applications, the gun can operate at a higher perveance than one with a cylindrically symmetric beam. Results of 2D and 3D simulations are discussed
Approaches to Pharmaceutical Analysis of Modern Peptide and Oligonucleotide Products as Illustrated by a Small Interfering RNA-Based Novel Therapeutic for the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
Methods used to control the quality of peptide products depend on the level of development of analytical and bioorganic chemistry, and the level of instrumentation. Peptide identification is a difficult task and largely depends on the complexity of its structure. There does not exist a comprehensive and simple test, except for NMR, which, however, is rather expensive and time-consuming and involves complex data interpretations. Moreover, it does not allow for unambiguous determination of the peptide purity and formula (amino acid composition, sequence, chirality of amino acid residues). For this reason, a combination of methods is often used, including amino acid analysis, TLC/HPLC and mass spectrometry, and, less frequently, sequencing. Current international practice of peptide analysis is to use HPLC in combination with mass spectrometric, mainly tandem (HPLC-MS/MS), detection. According to literature sources the amino acid sequence of linear peptides can be analysed using various enzymes and subsequent identification of proteolysis products by mass spectrometry. This article presents approaches to the development of test methods for analysis of purity and identification testing of a small interfering RNA-based novel medicinal product, which will help standardise and control the quality of the production process
Comparative study of perindopril and perindopril metabolite pharmacokinetics using the HPLC/MS method
Perindopril is a prodrug which is converted to an active metabolite perindoprilat in the human organism. The present study led to the development of a fast and easily reproducible procedure for simultaneous detection of perinoprilat and its metabolite in plasma using HPLC with mass-spectrometric detector (LC-MS). Detection of the target substance was performed using atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization (API-ES) techniques in negative polarity in two modes: SIM1, ion, m/z=368,10 for perindopril and SIM2, ion, m/z=339,30 for perindoprilat. Retention time of perindopril was about 2,4 min, for perindoprilat - about 1,4 min. Sample processing was performed using solid-phase extraction. The methodβs limit of quantification was equal to 1 ng/ml for perindopril and 1 ng/ml for perindoprilat. The developed procedure was used to analyse pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of medicines containing 8 mg of perindopril. Values of all calculated pharmacokinetic parameters had no statistically meaningful differences. Confidence intervals obtained fall within bioequivalence criterion (80-125% for AUC and 75-133% for Π‘max ΠΈ Cmax/AUC). The medicines under analysis were found to be bioequivalent
- β¦