5 research outputs found

    EXTERNALIZATION OF EU MIGRATION POLICY AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SOLIDARITY

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    Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна исслСдованию процСсса экстСрнализации ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π•Π‘. УтвСрТдаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ кризис Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π² 2015 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ государствами Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ развития внСшнСго измСрСния управлСния ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ процСссами. АнализируСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡŒΡŽΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дСйствий стран-Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π•Π‘ Π² сфСрС ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π•Π‘ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ объСдинСния рассматриваСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° прСодолСния кризиса солидарности. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ взаимосвязь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ элСмСнт Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ процСсса экстСрнализации.The article is focused on the process of externalization of EU migration policy. It argues that the 2015 refugee crisis clearly demonstrated the necessity to develop an external dimension of EU migration management. The securitization of migration is analysed as one of the reasons of the collective action failure among EU Member States in the field of migration. Thus, the transfer of migration policy into the external dimension of the EU is seen as an attempt to overcome the crisis of solidarity. The relationship between migration and security is explored as a key element for understanding the process of externalization

    REALIZATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF FORCED MIGRANTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: MODERN EXPERIENCE OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC AND THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN

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    INTRODUCTION. Forced migration is one of the most difficult global problems. There is a clear interdependence between the problem of refugees and the issue of human rights, since human rights violations are one of the main reasons for the mass exodus of people from their countries of origin. It is also clear that counties that provide asylum have a sustainable practice of respecting the human dignity. Forced migrants have rights that must be respected during all stages of the exodus. We are talking about the fundamental rights and freedoms proclaimed in international and regional human rights treaties, primarily the protection of human dignity and the restoration of the minimum rights of people who left their countries of origin. This article discusses the problems of realization of the minimum rights of forced migrants, that is, those rights that guarantee survival and an adequate standard of living. The authors conduct a detailed study of national legislation in the field of forced migration of such European countries as Italy and Spain. In particular, this article analyzes recent legislative changes adopted in this countries in the field of asylum and the consequences for the realization of fundamental rights of refugees and asylum seekers.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This research is based on the analysis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, European Social Charter of 1961, European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights of 2000, UNHCR standards for receiving asylum seekers, and also an in-depth analysis of the national legislation of Italy and Spain in the field of forced migration. The methodological basis of the research consists of both general scientific (comparative historical and statistical methods, methods of generalization and systems analysis, case-study approach) and specific scientific (formal legal and comparative legal methods, method of interpretation of legal norms) research methods.RESULTS OF RESEARCH. On the basis of the analysis of international treaties, European and national legislation, judicial practice of states, as well as doctrinal studies of different researches, the authors formulate some conclusions related to the main problems of legislative regulation and the implementation of minimum rights of forced migrants in such EU member states as Italy and Spain.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Despite the existence of international and, in particular, European standards in the field of human rights, practically those rights that are necessary for survival and maintenance of an adequate standard of living of people who have applied for asylum are not always fully respected. The experience of the Italian Republic and the Kingdom of Spain shows that fundamental rights of refugees can be often violated both during the examination of asylum applications and after their satisfaction. The absence of a unified legislative base, the tendency to pursue a more restrictive policy in the field of forced migration and unresolved problems of asylum legislation entail significant impediments for the realization in these countries of the basic rights of one of the most vulnerable category of people as forced migrants

    Subsidiary and Humanitarian Protection of Forced Immigrants in Italy

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    Π ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡŒ поступила Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ 15 мая 2018 Π³.ΠšΡ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ Дублинской систСмы ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, нСсмотря Π½Π° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ общССвропСйскиС стандарты, миграционная ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ выстраиваСтся государствами-участниками ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся соврСмСнный ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ Π˜Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ РСспублики Π² сфСрС прСдоставлСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² условиях массового Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Ρ‹Π²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². АнализируСтся ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‰Π΅ Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ стандартами ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ДаСтся Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π˜Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ОсобоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ удСляСтся Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ оснований прСдоставлСния статуса Π±Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Π° субсидиарной Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ оказания Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² случаС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° Π² статусС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. ДСлаСтся Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ внСшнСй ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ государства.Crisis in the Dublin System has shown that despite common European standards, migration policy is often built by the participating States on their own. The article deals with the modern experience of the Italian Republic in the sphere of providing international and humanitarian protection in the conditions of mass migratory flows. The author analyzes Italian legislation aimed at implementing the right to asylum in accordance with international and regional human rights standards. Commentary on the possible types of protection of forced migrants in the territory of the Italian Republic is given. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the grounds for granting the subsidiary protection status, as well as to the reasons for providing humanitarian protection in case of rejection of the international protection status. The conclusion is made about the growing importance of human rights protection in the Italian foreign policy

    Italian Regions’ Contemporary International Activity: Legal Aspect

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    АнализируСтся влияниС конституционной Ρ€Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ 2001 Π³. Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π˜Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ РСспублики, Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ инструмСнты трансграничного сотрудничСства Π² Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ΅. ИсслСдованиС опираСтся Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ конституционного Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, статутов (уставов) ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Восканы, Π‘ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ, Π­ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ-Романьи, Π›ΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² общССвропСйского Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ устройство Π˜Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ сфСрС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΊ статусу ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ государствС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² сфСрС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ смогла ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Сдинство ΠΈ сувСрСнитСт Π˜Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ РСспублики. АдСкватноС распрСдСлСниС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ внСшнСй ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ интСрСсы.Analyzing the influence of the 2001 constitutional reform upon the international activity of the Italian Republic’s regions, the article deals with legal and institutional instruments of transboundary cooperation in Europe. The research is based upon the analysis of constitutional legislation, statutes and laws of Tuscany, Sicily, Emilia-Romagna, and Lombardy and other regions, all-European normative legal documents, Russian and Italian researchers’ works on the legal regulation of regional administration. The analysis draws a conclusion that devolution made the Italian government system quasi-federative, increasing the powers of Italian regions in international affairs entitling each of them to rights similar to those of a component state in a federation. However, regional governments being granted powers on the international arena did not undermine the integrity and sovereignty of the Italian Republic. The adequate distribution of foreign policy competences brought together national and regional interests and thus reduced the contradictions between the centre and the regions
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