99 research outputs found
The role of proteomics in the discovery of new anti cancer drugs
S obzirom na to da je za potpuno razumijevanje bioloÅ”kih sustava nužna i molekularna karakterizacija proteoma, proteomika je disciplina koja je nastala sa svrhom da komplementira istraživanje genoma. Iako je proteomika relati vno nova bioloÅ”ka znanstvena disciplina, ona ima velik potencijal u farmaceutskoj industriji. RazliÄite tehnike proteomike stoga se koriste u svrhu razjaÅ”njavanja molekularnih mehanizama koji upravljaju staniÄnim procesima, za
karakterizaciju složenih proteinskih mreža u stanici, za otkrivanje proteina biomarkera te, naposljetku, za identifikaciju novih meta za razvoj novih lijekova. Upravo u razvoju protutumorskih lijekova proteomika može omoguÄiti identi fi kaciju proteina ukljuÄenih u patogenezu raka, a rekonstrukcija signalnih putova može olakÅ”ati otkrivanje novih meta na koje bi novi lijek djelovao, te omoguÄiti uvid u mehanizme djelovanja ti h lijekova, kao i njihovu toksiÄnost.The fi eld of proteomics has been thought as complementary to the genomic research since proteins are the executi ve molecules and players in biological systems. In particular, protein functionality is highly deregulated in cancer. Although proteomics is a relatively new research area it holds great potential in pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to quantitatively measure protein expression and identi fy proteins by mass spectrometry analyses as well as its ability to map the protein-protein interacti ons. As such, the proteomics
technological platf orm has been widely applied to basic cancer research, cancer therapy and most importantly in the drug discovery process. Proteomics allows identi fi cati on of proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis and deregulated signalling pathways that facilitates the discovery of new drug targets, or it might be used as well to precisely elucidate the drug mechanisms of acti on and toxicology
Proteomics in drug development ā optimizati on of sample preparation for the two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis
Uvod: Dvodimenzionalna gel-elektroforeza (2-DE) metoda je analize kompleksnih proteinskih smjesa izdvojenih iz stanica, tkiva, tjelesnih tekuÄina ili drugih bioloÅ”kih uzoraka, koja objedinjuje dva razliÄita elektroforetska postupka: izoelektriÄno fokusiranje i SDS-poliakrilamidnu gel-elektroforezu.
Metode: U ovom radu ispitan je utjecaj Äeti riju razliÄiti h pufera na proteomske profile dviju staniÄnih linija karcinoma kolona, SW 620 i HCT 116 uzgojenih klasiÄnim metodama
uzgoja stanica in vitro uz pomoÄ metode 2-DE, u pH rasponu 3 ā 10 NL, te rasponu molekulskih
težina od 14 do 100 kDa.
Rezultati : Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako se pojedini puferi
meÄusobno razlikuju po prirodi proteina koji su specifi Äno otopljeni, Å”to je djelomiÄno ovisilo i o staniÄnoj liniji.
Diskusija: Topljivost proteina jedan je od najveÄih problema pri koriÅ”tenju 2-DE, Å”to naroÄito dolazi do izražaja kod hidrofobnih membranskih proteina, proteina jezgre i proteina izrazito sklonih agregaciji. Jedan od naÄina poboljÅ”anja topljivosti proteina je i opti mizacija pufera za izdvajanje proteina, pri Äemu se u pufer dodaju zwitt er-ionski amfi fi lni surfaktanti poput CHAPS, SB 3-10 (kaprilil sulfobetain) i ASB-14, te uporabom ti ouree u kombinaciji s ureom. Gelovi dobiveni uz pomoÄ pufera koji sadrži CHAPS imali su najbolju rezoluciju i na njima je bilo moguÄe detekti rati najveÄi broj jedinstvenih proteinskih vrsta obiju ispitanih staniÄnih linija.
ZakljuÄak: Postupkom opti mizacije pripreme uzorka za analizu mehanizama uÄinka novosinteti ziranog protutumorskog spoja na razini proteoma uz pomoÄ 2-DE pokazano je kako je pufer sastava 7M urea + 2M ti ourea + 4% (w/v) CHAPS opti malan pufer za izolaciju i razdvajanje smjese proteina dobivene iz tumorskih staniÄnih linija kolona HCT-116 i SW 620.Introducti on: The two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis (2-DE) is a method of choice for complex protein mixture separati on from cells, ti ssue, body fl uids or other biological samples which comprises two diverse electrophoreti c principles: the isoelectric focusing
and the SDS-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis.
Methods: In this paper we tested the effects of four diff erent 2-DE buff ers on the protein profi les obtained by 2-DE in the pH
range 3-10 NL, and the molecular weight range 14-100 kDa. The proteins were isolated from two colon cancer cell lines SW 620 i HCT 116 grown in vitro by using standard cell propagation procedures. Results: The obtained results revealed diff erent 2-DE buff er properti es for each buff er tested as the protein profi les showed a diff erent patt ern both as the consequence of the buff er type and the type of cell line.
Discussion: One of the major problems in 2-DE is protein solubility which is parti cularly emphasized when dealing with hydrophobic
membrane proteins, the nuclear proteins as well as with proteins prone to form aggregates. One of the possible soluti ons to this problem is the opti mizati on of the 2-DE buff er by additi
on of zwitt er-ionic amphyphilic surfactants like CHAPS, SB 3-10 (sulphobetain) and ASB-14, as well as by additi on of thiourea and urea. The gels obtained with the buff er containing CHAPS showed the best resoluti on properti es and had the best unique protein species score for both tested cell lines in comparison to all other gels.
Conclusion: Through the 2-DE buffer optimization in the sample preparati on step for proteomic analysis of newly synthesized
anti tumor drug mechanisms of acti on, it has been shown that the buff er containing 7M urea + 2M thiourea + 4% (w/v) CHAPS was the most eff ecti ve for isolati on and separati on of proteins
from HCT-116 and SW 620 tumour cell lines
Unveiling the mechanisms of breast cancer pathogenesis by proteomics methods
Patogenezu složene i heterogene bolesti kao Å”to je to rak dojke nije moguÄe u potpunosti
razjasniti klasiÄnim metodoloÅ”kim pristupima koji su se koristi li posljednjih desetljeÄa
u molekularnoj medicini. Osobito je važno otkriti nove biljege koji bi pomogli u ranoj detekciji
bolesti te služili za razvoj ciljane terapije. DosadaÅ”nji rezultati iz podruÄja istraživanja raka
dojke u kombinaciji s globalnim metodama istraživanja statusa ekspresije gena i proteina
pokazali su kako je u patogenezu raka dojke ukljuÄen ljudski hormon rasta (hGH) te mehanizmi
autokrine regulacije preko proteina Pax-5. TakoÄer je identi fi ciran Äitav niz novih potencijalnih
biomarkera kao Ŕto su to HOXA1, CHOP SH3GLB1, kazein kinaze, p53, aneksin XI, CDC25C, eIF-
4E i MAP kinaze 7, 14-3-3e, galekti n-1, aneksin-5, aneksin-1, LDH-B, GST-pi, akti n, vimenti n,
HSP70, CK18, moezin, SH3GLB1, SUB1, SND1 i TRIM28, osteoponti n i osteonekti nBreast cancer is a complex and heterogenic disease. Classical molecular medical
approaches cannot be successfully used to completely understand its pathogenesis. In additi
on, fi nding new biological markers that would help in early detecti on and creati on of guided
and specifi c therapy is crucial for the future breast cancer management. The results of
breast cancer research in combinati on with those obtained by large scale methods that examine
the expression status of genes and proteins, have pointed to an important molecule,
namely the human growth hormone (hGH), as a major player in the pathogenesis of breast
cancer. It acts through the autocrine regulati on system where the acti vati on of Pax-5 gene
has been recently confi rmed as well. A large number of new biomarkers, like HOXA1, CHOP
SH3GLB1, casein kinase, p53, annexin XI, CDC25C, eIF-4E, MAP kinase 7, 14-3-3e, galecti n-1,
annexin-5, annexin-1, LDH-B, GST-pi, acti n, vimenti n, HSP70, CK18, moesin, SH3GLB1, SUB1,
SND1 i TRIM28, osteoponti n and osteonecti n, have been recently identi fi ed as well
The role of vitamin D and vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms in myocardial infarction
Novosti u mozaiku metastaziranja zloÄudnih tumora
Despite the abundance of attention that cancer has attracted, it continues to constitute one of the deadliest scourges of the modern era. Tumour heterogeneity greatly contributes to the ineffectiveness of current therapies and hampers the study and treatment of cancer. There are two models accounting for tumour heterogeneity and propagation, namely clonal evolution model and cancer stem cell model. In particular, cancer stem theory has attracted much attention lately, as these cells with self-renewal and differentiation abilities are responsible for the initiation of tumour development, growth, and its ability to metastasize and reoccur, and provide a reasonable explanation for poor prognosis for patients in advanced stages of solid tumours. Advances in technologies such as proteomics open new avenues in metastasis research by specifically revealing complex protein networks involved in tumour progression, which should facilitate early diagnosis and provide the basis for designing more effective treatment strategies.Novosti u mozaiku metastaziranja zloÄudnih tumora
UnatoÄ napretku u istraživanju i prouÄavanju zloÄudnih tumora, ta je bolest i dalje velik izazov modernoj medicini. BioloÅ”ka raznolikost, ali i klasiÄno poimanje mehanizama metastaziranja tumora, razlog su neuÄinkovitosti postojeÄih naÄina lijeÄenja. Dva su modela kojima se objaÅ”njava ta raznolikost ā model klonske evolucije te model matiÄnih stanica novotvorina. Ovaj drugi u posljednje je vrijeme privukao pozornost jer su matiÄne stanice novotvorina, zbog svojih sposobnosti samostalnog obnavljanja i diferenciranja, odgovorne za nastanak i razvoj tumora te njihovu sposobnost metastaziranja i pojave recidiva. Metode globalnih analiza poput proteomike otvaraju nove moguÄnosti u istraživanju procesa metastaziranja, jer omoguÄuju identifikaciju složenih mreža proteina ukljuÄenih u progresiju novotvorina, Å”to može pridonijeti ranoj dijagnostici i omoguÄiti razvoj uÄinkovitijih lijekova protiv metastaza
Novel Bis- and Mono-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and Purine Derivatives: Synthesis, Computational Analysis and Antiproliferative Evaluation.
Novel symmetrical bis-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and bis-purines and their monomers were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma (CFPAC-1) and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620) cells. The use of ultrasound irradiation as alternative energy input in Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) shortened the reaction time, increased the reaction efficiency and led to the formation of exclusively symmetric bis-heterocycles. DFT calculations showed that triazole formation is exceedingly exergonic and confirmed that the presence of Cu(I) ions is required to overcome high kinetic requirements and allow the reaction to proceed. The influence of various linkers and 6-substituted purine and regioisomeric 7-deazapurine on their cytostatic activity was revealed. Among all the evaluated compounds, the 4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine monomer 5f with 4,4'-bis(oxymethylene)biphenyl had the most pronounced, although not selective, growth-inhibitory effect on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (CFPAC-1) cells (IC50 = 0.79 ĀµM). Annexin V assay results revealed that its strong growth inhibitory activity against CFPAC-1 cells could be associated with induction of apoptosis and primary necrosis. Further structural optimization of bis-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine with aromatic linker is required to develop novel efficient and non-toxic agent against pancreatic cancer
Polyphenol-Based Design of Functional Olive Leaf Infusions
Blagotvorna svojstva polifenola su opÄepoznata. UtvrÄeno je da maslinovo ulje, tipiÄna namirnica u mediteranskoj prehrani, ima velik udjel polifenola te Å”irok spektar pozitivnih uÄinaka na ljudsko zdravlje. MeÄutim, tijekom proteklog desetljeÄa, ustanovljeno je da i liÅ”Äe maslina može biti alternativni izvor polifenolnih spojeva iz masline. To je osobito zanimljivo u kontekstu rastuÄeg interesa za funkcionalnu hranu, kao i iskoriÅ”tenja bioloÅ”kog otpada. Prethodne studije na liÅ”Äu maslina potvrdile su da ima velik udjel fenola, Å”to objaÅ”njava njihovu dokazanu jaku antibakterijsku, antimikrobnu i antivirusnu aktivnost. Stoga je glavna svrha naÅ”eg rada bila ispitati sadržaj fenola u liÅ”Äu maslina sorti Istarska bjelica, Leccino i Buža, kao prirodnih izvora bioaktivnih spojeva pogodnih za dnevnu potroÅ”nju u obliku Äaja (biljne infuzije). U tu je svrhu analiziran utjecaj sorte maslinovog liÅ”Äa, vremena maceracije i temperature na fenolni sastav dizajniranih Äajeva. Analiza fenolnih spojeva provedena je pomoÄu tekuÄinske kromatografije (LC) spregnute s trostrukim kvadrupolnim masenim spektrometrom (LC-QQQ). U skladu s pretpostavkama istraživanja, rezultati pokazuju znatan utjecaj sorte masline i parametara maceracije na kvalitativni i kvantitativni fenolni sastav. NajveÄi udjel fenolnih spojeva dobiven je u biljnoj infuziji sorte Istarska bjelica nakon 15 minuta maceracije. MeÄutim, biljna infuzija sorte Buža imala je najraznolikiji fenolni sastav. Nadalje, dizajnirano je nekoliko funkcionalnih smjesa Äajeva s razliÄitim omjerima liÅ”Äa istraživanih sorti maslina, radi razvoja pripravaka sa specifiÄnim bioloÅ”kim aktivnostima. Rezultati pokazuju velik utjecaj optimiranja fenolnog sastava biljnih infuzija na razvoj novih i poboljÅ”anih funkcionalnih biljnih infuzija.The beneficial properties of polyphenols are widely recognized, and polyphenol-rich olive oil, which is part of the typical Mediterranean diet, has been identified as having positive health effects. However, over the past decade, olive leaves have been discovered as an alternative polyphenol-rich source. This is particularly interesting in the context of the growing interest in functional foods, as well as in terms of the management of biological waste, including olive leaves that are left over from the production of olive oil. Previous studies on olive leaves confirmed that they have a high phenolic content, which explains their previously described strong antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Therefore, the major aim of our work is to comprehensively determine olive leaf phenolic content in cultivars Istarska bjelica, Leccino and Buža as a natural source of bioactive compounds suitable for daily consumption in the form of infusion. For this purpose, we examined the influence of olive leaf cultivar, maceration time and temperature on the phenolic composition of final infusions. Phenolic compounds were analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ). As expected, the results indicate the significant influence of not only the olive cultivar but also of maceration parameters on the qualitative and quantitative phenolic composition. The highest phenolic compound content was obtained in the infusion of Istarska bjelica leaves after 15 min of maceration. However, the Buža olive leaf infusion had the most diverse phenolic composition. Furthermore, we designed several functional olive leaf infusion mixtures with phenolic compositions adjusted based on the desired health effect. The results show the role of phenolic composition adjustment in the development and improvement of the quality of functional olive leaf infusions
Critical Review on Zeolite Clinoptilolite Safety and Medical Applications in vivo
Unique and outstanding physical and chemical properties of zeolite materials make them extremely useful in a variety of applications including agronomy, ecology, manufacturing, and industrial processes. Recently, a more specific application of one naturally occurring zeolite material, clinoptilolite, has been widely studied in veterinary and human medicine. Due to a number of positive effects on health, including detoxification properties, the usage of clinoptilolite-based products in vivo has increased enormously. However, concerns have been raised in the public about the safety of clinoptilolite materials for in vivo applications. Here, we review the scientific literature on the health effects and safety in medical applications of different clinoptilolite-based materials and propose some comprehensive, scientifically-based hypotheses on possible biological mechanisms underlying the observed effects on the health and body homeostasis. We focus on the safety of the clinoptilolite material and the positive medical effects related to detoxification, immune response, and the general health status
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