87 research outputs found

    Brain activations in speech recovery process after intra-oral surgery: an fMRI study

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    International audienceThis study aims at describing cortical and subcortical activation patterns associated with functional recovery of speech production after reconstructive mouth surgery. Our ultimate goal is the understanding of how the brain deals with altered relationships between motor commands and auditory/orosensory feedback, and establishes new inter-articulatory coordination to preserve speech communication abilities. A longitudinal sparse-sampling fMRI study involving orofacial, vowel and syllable production tasks on 9 patients and in three different sessions (one week before, one month and three months after surgery) was conducted. Healthy subjects were recorded in parallel. Results show that for patients in the pre-surgery session, activation patterns are in good agreement with the classical speech production network. Crucially, lower activity in sensorimotor control brain areas during orofacial and speech production movements is observed for patients in all sessions. One month after surgery, the superior parietal lobule is more activated for simple vowel production suggesting a strong involvement of a multimodal integration process to compensate for loss of tongue motor control. Altogether, these results indicate both altered and adaptive sensorimotor control mechanisms in these patients. Index Terms: Neurophonetics, fMRI, speech recovery, motor control, glossectomy, whole-brain analysis, sparse-sampling

    Evolution des activations cérébrales lors de la production de parole après exérèse au niveau de la cavité orale

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    International audienceUsing functional MRI, acoustic data and motor oral assessment, brain correlates of speech recovery after dramatic structural changes in the vocal tract have been investigated during three tasks: orofacial movements and speech production (vowels and syllables). Eleven patients were recorded during three sessions, preoperatively and postoperatively, 1 month and 3 months after surgery (for seven of them also 9 months after surgery). Eleven healthy subjects were recorded in parallel. A "whole brain" group analysis (patients/healthy subjects) reveals a specific activation pattern for patients, in particular during vowel task, which is session-dependent. Moreover, global lower brain activation compared to healthy subjects was found for all tasks in primary, secondary and integrative sensorimotor regions. Differences are interpreted in relation with the emergence of new speech motor goals and changes in the internal models.A partir de données d'IRM fonctionnelle, acoustiques et praxiques, nous avons étudié les corrélats cérébraux de l'adaptation de la parole après une modification structurelle importante du conduit vocal lors de trois tâches : mouvements oro-faciaux silencieux, voyelles et syllabes. Onze patients ont été enregistrés lors de trois sessions, pré-opératoire et post-opératoire à 1 mois et 3 mois (pour sept d'entre eux aussi à 9 mois). Onze sujets contrôles ont été enregistrés en parallèle. Une analyse de groupe (patients/contrôles) " cerveau entier " révèle des patrons d'activation spécifiques aux patients au cours des différentes sessions en particulier pour la tâche de production de voyelles. De plus, une moindre activation cérébrale par rapport aux sujets sains a été observée pour toutes les tâches dans des régions motrices, sensorielles et d'intégration sensori-motrice. Nous interprétons ces résultats en relation avec la redéfinition des buts de parole et l'adaptation de modèles internes du système moteur périphérique

    Impaired cerebral vasoreactivity to CO2 in Alzheimer s disease using BOLD fMRI

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    Objectif : Evaluer la vasoréactivité cérébrale par IRMf chez des patients présentant une maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) ou des troubles cognitifs légers de type amnésique (TCL-a). Patients et Méthodes 39 patients ont été inclus. Les variations de signal BOLD ont été analysées par IRMf 1.5T, utilisant le carbogène (mélange gazeux à 7% CO2) comme stimulus vasomoteur. La perfusion basale a été évaluée par technique de marquage de spin artériel. Résultats : Vingt sept des 39 sujets ont été analysés (9 MA, 7 TCL-a et 11 témoins). Dans chaque groupe, l'inhalation de CO2 a provoqué une élévation de signal diffuse, prédominant dans la substance grise. Chez les patients (MA et TCL-a), après correction de volume partiel, l'élévation de signal était significativement plus basse (0.36+-0.13 %BOLD/mmHg pour les MA, 0.36+-0.12 pour les TCL-a, 0.62+-0.20 pour les témoins). Ces altérations de la vasoréactivité cérébrale, diffuses, prédominaient dans les régions postérieures. L'hypoperfusion basale durant la MA n'était pas significativement différente de celle des patients TCL-a ou des témoins. Aucun effet du génotype ApoE4 n'a été observé. Les valeurs de vasoréactivité obtenues étaient corrélées avec le score d'atrophie hippocampique et le MMSE. Par rapport à l'âge et au score d'atrophie hippocampique, la vasoréactivité moyenne était le meilleur facteur prédictif du MMSE. Conclusion Cette étude montre l existence d une altération de la vasoréactivité cérébrale au cours de la MA et des TCL-a. Cette nouvelle approche pourrait permettre une meilleure caractérisation des patients atteints de troubles cognitifs. Elle apporte de nouveaux arguments en faveur de la composante vasculaire de la MA.Objective : To evaluate the cerebral vasoreactivity using functional MRI in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Participants and methods Thirty nine subjects were included. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal variations were analyzed with functional MRI at 1.5T, using carbogen inhalation (7% CO2) as a vasomotor stimulus. Basal cerebral perfusion was measured using pulsed arterial spin labeling. Results Among selected participants, 27 subjects were analyzed (9 AD, 7 MCI, 11 control). In each group, carbogen inhalation induced a whole-brain signal increase, predominant in the gray matter. In patients, signal changes corrected for gray matter partial volume were decreased (0.36+-0.13 %BOLD/mmHg in Alzheimer's disease, 0.36+-0.12 in patients with mild cognitive impairment, 0.62+-0.20 in controls). Cerebral vasoreactivity impairments were diffuse but seemed predominant in posterior areas. The basal hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease was not significantly different from patients with mild cognitive impairment and controls. Among clinical and biological parameters, no effect of apoE4 genotype was detected. Cerebral vasoreactivity values were correlated with cognitive performances and hippocampal volumes. Among age and hippocampal atrophy, mean CVR was the best predictor of the mini-mental status examination. Conclusion : This BOLD functional MRI study on CO2 challenge shows impaired cerebral vasoreactivity in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment at the individual level. This new MRI approach may help to better characterize patients with cognitive disorders in clinical practice and further investigate vaso-protective therapeutics.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    IRM fonctionnelle quantitative appliquée à la vasoréacivité cérébrale

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    En neurosciences et en médecine, l'imagerie fonctionnelle de la perfusion cérébrale permet de caractériser les variations régionales du couplage neurovasculaire et de la vasoréactivité aux gaz circulants. Grâce à l'IRM par marquage des spins artériels (ASL), il est possible de mesurer la perfusion de façon quantitative, dynamique et reproductible sans injection de produit de contraste. Ce travail méthodologique a consisté à mettre en place et optimiser une séquence IRM de quantification de la perfusion par ASL pour étudier la vasoréactivité cérébrale. Pour disposer d'une mesure quantitative avec une sensibilité maximale, des simulations numériques et des expériences sur sujets sains ont permis d'optimiser : l'amplitude des impulsions RF, en prenant en compte l'hétérogénéité du champ B1 ; les délais des impulsions d'inversion pour supprimer le signal statique ; la position de la zone de marquage par rapport au champ de transmission du résonateur RF ; l'espacement minimal entre la zone de marquage et la région d'intérêt ; la durée de bolus et le temps d'attente avant l'acquisition. Une méthode originale de caractérisation rapide du bolus de sang marqué en début de chaque expérience a été développée pour permettre un paramétrage optimal de la séquence pour chaque sujet. Ces méthodes ont été utilisées pour caractériser les effets de l'inhalation de mélanges d'oxygène et de carbogène à teneur variable en CO2 sur la perfusion cérébrale chez des sujets sains. En parallèle, les mêmes méthodes de perfusion sont utilisées dans une étude qui vise à caractériser la vasoréactivité cérébrale dans la maladie d'Alzheimer.In neurosciences and medicine, functional imaging of brain perfusion is a mean to characterize regional variations of neuro-vascular coupling and alterations of the vasoreactivity to circulating gases in patients. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is an MRI method which provides a quantitative and reproductible measure of brain perfusion and its dynamical changes, without the need for injection of contrast agents. This thesis presents the implementation of an MRI sequence for the quantification of cerebral blood flow by ASL and its optimization for the study of cerebral vasoreactivity. To obtain a quantitative measure with maximal sensitivity, numerical simulations and experiments on healthy subjects have allowed to optimize: the amplitude of RF pulses, the inversion pulse delays to suppress static signal, the limits of the position of the tagging band with respect to the RF resonator, the minimal allowable gap between tagging band and region of interest, the bolus duration and delay time before acquisition. An original method to rapidly caracterize the bolus of labeled blood in each session has been developed to provide an optimal parametrization of the sequence for each subject. These methods have been used to characterize the effects of inhalation of oxygen and carbogen mixtures with varying CO2 concentrations on perfusion in healthy subjects. In parallel, the same perfusion methods are used in a study to characterize cerebral vasoreactivity in Alzheimer's Disease patients.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    La responsabilité professionnelle du docteur en chirurgie dentaire à la lumière de la loi du 4 mars 2002

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    MONTROUGE-BUFR Odontol.PARIS5 (920492101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Aging Modulates the Hemispheric Specialization during Word Production

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    International audienceAlthough older adults exhibit normal accuracy in performing word retrieval and generation (lexical production; e.g., object naming), they are generally slower in responding than younger adults. To maintain accuracy, older adults recruit compensatory mechanisms and strategies. We focused on two such possible compensatory mechanisms, one semantic and one executive. These mechanisms are reflected at inter- and intra-hemispheric levels by various patterns of reorganization of lexical production cerebral networks. Hemispheric reorganization (HR) changes were also evaluated in relation to increase naming latencies. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined 27 healthy participants (from 30 years to 85 years) during an object naming task, exploring and identifying task-related patterns of cerebral reorganization. We report two main results. First, we observed a left intra-hemispheric pattern of reorganization, the left anterior-posterior aging (LAPA) effect, consisting of supplementary activation of left posterior (temporo-parietal) regions in older adults and asymmetric activation along the left fronto-temporal axis. This pattern suggests that older adults recruit posterior semantic regions to perform object naming. The second finding consisted of bilateral recruitment of frontal regions to maintain appropriate response times, especially in older adults who were faster performers. This pattern is discussed in terms of compensatory mechanism. We suggest that aging is associated with multiple, co-existing compensation and reorganization mechanisms and patterns associated with lexical production

    Gray Matter Volume and Cognitive Performance During Normal Aging. A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

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    International audienceNormal aging is characterized by decline in cognitive functioning in conjunction with extensive gray matter (GM) atrophy. A first aim of this study was to determine GM volume differences related to aging by comparing two groups of participants, middle-aged group (MAG, mean age 41 years, N = 16) and older adults (OG, mean age 71 years, N = 14) who underwent an magnetic resonance images (MRI) voxel-based morphometry (VBM) evaluation. The VBM analyses included two optimized pipelines, for the cortex and for the cerebellum. Participants were also evaluated on a wide range of cognitive tests assessing both domain-general and language-specific processes, in order to examine how GM volume differences between OG and MAG relate to cognitive performance. Our results show smaller bilateral GM volume in the OG relative to the MAG, in several cerebral and right cerebellar regions involved in language and executive functions. Importantly, our results also revealed smaller GM volume in the right cerebellum in OG relative to MAG, supporting the idea of a complex cognitive role for this structure. This study provides a broad picture of cerebral, but also cerebellar and cognitive changes associated with normal aging

    Méthodologie en IRM fonctionnelle pour l'étude des activations corticales associées au réapprentissage de la parole

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    International audienceIn order to validate an fMRI experiment, four participants were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging while executing oro-facial movements, vowel and syllable production. This protocol will be used with patients who underwent oral resection. The study's results should contribute to better understand cognitive processes associated with speech production. The three motor tasks activated a set of common brain areas classically involved in motor control and temporal areas involved in speech. These results support previous brain imaging studies and validate our protocolNous présentons ici un protocole expérimental d'imagerie fonctionnelle et sa validation sur quatre sujets pilotes. Il est destiné à étudier les activations corticales associées au réapprentissage de la parole après exérèse carcinologique au niveau du conduit vocal. Trois tâches parole et non parole sont étudiées : mouvement oro-facial silencieux, production de voyelles et de syllabes. Les résultats observés apparaissent en accord avec la littérature - notamment l'activation commune aux trois tâches de régions dédiées au contrôle moteur oro-facial ainsi que l'implication des aires temporales auditives lors des tâches de parole - et valident le protocole expérimental d'acquisition IRMf utilisé
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