Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of autoprobiotics in the combination treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis

Combination treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases may be ineffective due to the variability of periodontal pathogens and the polyetiology of the disease. This disadvantage can be overcome by using highly antagonistic, enzymatic, and immunostimulating drugs, in addition to the main treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of autoprobiotics clinically and microbiologically in the combination treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. The presented study involved a survey of 37 patients aged 29 to 64 years with mild chronic generalized periodontitis. The patients were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of patients whose combination treatment included an S. salivarius-based autoprobiotic (subgroup 1 - patients who had their periodontal pockets irrigated with an autoprobiotic, subgroup 2 - patients who used oral baths with autoprobiotic). Group II consisted of patients who used a common S. salivarius-based probiotic in combination treatment (subgroup 1 - patients who had their periodontal pockets irrigated with a probiotic, subgroup 2 - patients who used oral baths with a probiotic). The control group consisted of patients with mild chronic generalized periodontitis, whose combination treatment consisted of professional oral hygiene and correction of individual hygiene. Microbiological examination of the content of periodontal pockets was carried out using PCR screening for periodontal pathogens, such as P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, P. intermedia. Based on the clinical and microbiological results of the study, the efficacy of an autoprobiotic and probiotic based on S. salivarius in the combination treatment of mild chronic generalized periodontitis was demonstrated

Chinese Mirror from the Late Sarmatian Site Cherny Yar

This paper provides the description and results of interdisciplinary research into the Chinese mirror from the elite Late Sarmatian burial mound Cherny Yar, located in the south of the Orenburg region (oblast) in the southern Urals, and dated by the 2nd – 3rd cc. AD. The mirror was found in a wooden case made of wooden twigs rolled in a spiral. It is a circular disc with a diameter of 17 cm with a loop-shaped handle in the center, and its outer surface is decorated with a complex ornament and symbols. We’ve conducted X-ray fluorescence analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy with an energydispersive spectrometer, as well as linguistic analysis. The metallographic examination shows that the mirror was produced by casting in a low-heat-conducting clay mould or a stone mould, while its microstructure was characteristic for cast high-tin bronzes with lead. The object was cast and, most likely, quickly cooled. There are no traces of silver or tin coating on the mirror. The addition of lead was necessary to reduce porosity and improve fluidity, as well as to obtain the desired pattern from the mould. Both methods of studying microstructure (metallography and electron microscopy) confirm that, when it comes to mirror manufacturing technology, this sample could not be produced in the Sarmatian culture environment, but had analogies in other territories, such as China, in particular. This is also confirmed by a characteristic ornament and the presence of symbols on the mirror. The inscriptions on the mirror refer to the style of Zhuangshu, to its simplified version – Xiaozhuan. Symbols on the mirror show 12 signs, the so-called earthly branches, which are associated with 12 animals of the annual cycle, some of which are depicted side by side