Elektronischer Transport in spinpolarisierten Oberflächen

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Surface state conductivity in epitaxially grown Bi1-xSbx(111) films

Topologically non-trivial surface states were reported first on ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1-x}$Sb x bulk crystals. In this study we present transport measurements performed on thin ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1-x}$Sb x -films (up to 24 nm thickness) grown epitaxially on Si(111) with various Sb-concentrations (up to x = 0.22). The analysis of the temperature dependency allowed us to distinguish between different transport channels originating from surface and bulk bands as well as impurity states. At temperatures below 30 K the transport is mediated by surface states while at higher temperatures activated transport via bulk channels sets in. The surface state conductivity and bulk band gaps can be tuned by the Sb-concentration and film thickness, respectively. For films as thin as 4 nm the surface state transport is strongly suppressed in contrast to Bi(111) films grown under identical conditions. The impurity channel is of intrinsic origin due to the growth and alloy formation process and turns out to be located at the buried interface.DF

Future changes in the stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone mass flux and the contribution from climate change and ozone recovery

Using a state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model we investigate the future change in stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone, the drivers of this change, as well as the future distribution of stratospheric ozone in the troposphere. Supplementary to previous work, our focus is on changes on the monthly scale. The global mean annual influx of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere is projected to increase by 53 % between the years 2000 and 2100 under the RCP8.5 greenhouse gas scenario. The change in ozone mass flux (OMF) into the troposphere is positive throughout the year with maximal increase in the summer months of the respective hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) this summer maximum STE increase is a result of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, whilst in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) it is due to equal contributions from decreasing levels of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and increasing GHG concentrations. In the SH the GHG effect is dominating in the winter months. A large ODS-related ozone increase in the SH stratosphere leads to a change in the seasonal breathing term which results in a future decrease of the OMF into the troposphere in the SH in September and October. The resulting distributions of stratospheric ozone in the troposphere differ for the GHG and ODS changes due to the following: (a) ozone input occurs at different regions for GHG- (midlatitudes) and ODS-changes (high latitudes); and (b) stratospheric ozone is more efficiently mixed towards lower tropospheric levels in the case of ODS changes, whereas tropospheric ozone loss rates grow when GHG concentrations rise. The comparison between the moderate RCP6.0 and the extreme RCP8.5 emission scenarios reveals that the annual global OMF trend is smaller in the moderate scenario, but the resulting change in the contribution of ozone with stratospheric origin (O3s) to ozone in the troposphere is of comparable magnitude in both scenarios. This is due to the larger tropospheric ozone precursor emissions and hence ozone production in the RCP8.5 scenario

Multilingual Learning for Mild Cognitive Impairment Screening from a Clinical Speech Task

The Semantic Verbal Fluency Task (SVF) is an efficient and minimally invasive speech-based screening tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). In the SVF, testees have to produce as many words for a given semantic category as possible within 60 seconds. State-of-the-art approaches for automatic evaluation of the SVF employ word embeddings to analyze semantic similarities in these word sequences. While these approaches have proven promising in a variety of test languages, the small amount of data available for any given language limits the performance. In this paper, we for the first time investigate multilingual learning approaches for MCI classification from the SVF in order to combat data scarcity. To allow for cross-language generalisation, these approaches either rely on translation to a shared language, or make use of several distinct word embeddings. In evaluations on a multilingual corpus of older French, Dutch, and German participants (Controls=66, MCI=66), we show that our multilingual approaches clearly improve over single-language baselines

Clinical features of hepatitis E infections in patients with hematologic disorders

Hepatitis E virus is increasingly being reported to cause chronic infection in immunocompromised patients. However, less is known about patients with an underlying hematologic disease. In particular, the impact of hepatitis E infection on oncological therapy has been poorly described. In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 35 hematologic patients with hepatitis E, including 20 patients under active oncological treatment and 15 patients who were in the posttreatment follow-up or under active surveillance. The primary aim was to describe the clinical courses with particular focus on any hepatitis E-related therapy modifications of cancer-directed therapy. In the majority (60%) of patients who were under active oncological treatment, hepatitis E-related therapy modifications were made, and 25% of deaths were due to progression of the hematologic disease. In patients receiving concomitant oncological treatment, no hepatitis Erelated deaths occurred. In contrast, two patients in the follow-up group died from hepatitis E-associated acute-onchronic liver failure. Chronic hepatitis E was observed in 34% of all cases and 43% received ribavirin therapy; of those, 27% achieved a sustained virological response. CD20-directed therapy was the only independent risk factor for developing chronic hepatitis E. We conclude that CD20-directed treatment at any time point is a risk factor for developing chronic hepatitis E. Nevertheless, since mortality from the progression of hematologic disease was higher than hepatitis E-related mortality, we suggest careful case-by-case decisions on modifications of cancer treatment. Patients in the posttreatment follow-up phase may also suffer from severe courses and hepatitis E chronicity occurs as frequently as in patients undergoing active therapy

Frankreich als negativer Lernort des deutschen Bevölkerungsdiskurses

Concevant le savoir démographique comme une ressource symbolique pour le discours national, cet article analyse la façon dont les données statistiques ont produit des imaginaires nationaux. Il interroge pour cela le tableau que les statisticiens allemands ont peint de la France au XIXe et XXe siècle. Autour de 1900, une baisse du taux de natalité, phénomène que l'on croyait français, est identifiée en Allemagne et nourrit alors un scénario de menace nationale. Dans un même temps, les statisticiens mesurent une menace démographique à la frontière orientale du Reich allemand. L’article défend l'idée selon laquelle ce regard tourné vers l’est est façonné par le regard statistique sur l’ouest.Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes wird demografisches Wissen als symbolische Ressource des Nationalen begriffen und analysiert, wie auf Basis statistischer Daten nationale Imaginationen entstanden. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei das Bild Frankreichs, das deutsche Statistiker im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert zeichneten. Um 1900 wurde das zunächst Frankreich attestierte Phänomen des „Geburtenrückgangs“ auch in Deutschland sichtbar und vermehrt als nationales Bedrohungsszenario mobilisiert. Zugleich berechneten Statistiker eine demografische Bedrohung an der Ostgrenze des deutschen Reiches – dieser Blick nach Osten, so wird argumentiert, war jedoch vom statistischen Blick nach Westen überschrieben