Évaluation de la teneur en vitamine A et de l’indice de peroxyde des huiles végétales couramment vendues dans les marchés au Burkina Faso

La carence en vitamine A constitue un problème de santé publique dans les pays en développement et affecte en particulier les jeunes enfants et les femmes en âge de procréer. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l’application de la politique nationale en matière de production et d’importation, des huiles végétales raffinées, d’enrichissement obligatoire en vitamine A au Burkina Faso, à travers la détermination de la teneur en vitamine A et de l'indice de peroxyde des huiles végétales vendues sur le marché. Cette étude transversale a été menée dans cinq villes sélectionnées selon la densité de la population. Cinquante-neuf échantillons d’huile ont été achetés dans ces villes pour évaluer la teneur en vitamine A, l'indice de peroxyde et leur conformité aux normes nationales et internationales. Dans l'ensemble, 76,27% des huiles n'étaient pas suffisamment enrichies en vitamine A. Pour l'indice de peroxyde, 3,39% des huiles n'étaient pas conformes. Globalement, 77,97% des huiles n'étaient pas conformes pour ces deux paramètres. Au regard de ces résultats il est nécessaire d’intensifier la lutte contre la mise à la consommation des huiles non enrichies en vitamine A au Burkina Faso. English title: valuation of the vitamin A content and the peroxide value of vegetable oils commonly sold in markets in Burkina Faso Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in developing countries and particularly affects young children and women of childbearing age. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the national policy on the production and importation of refined vegetable oils and mandatory vitamin A fortification in Burkina Faso, through the determination of the vitamin A content and peroxide value of vegetable oils sold on the market. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five cities selected according to population density. Fifty-nine oil samples were purchased in these cities to assess vitamin A content, peroxide value and compliance with national and Codex standards. Overall, 76.17% of the oils were not adequately fortified with vitamin A. For the peroxide value, 3.39% of the oils did not comply. Overall, 77.97% of the oils did not comply for these two parameters. In view of these results, it is necessary to intensify the fight against the consumption of oils not enriched in vitamin A in Burkina Faso

Ex vivo anti-malarial drugs sensitivity profile of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Burkina Faso five years after the national policy change.

BACKGROUND: The recent reports on the decreasing susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin derivatives along the Thailand and Myanmar border are worrying. Indeed it may spread to India and then Africa, repeating the same pattern observed for chloroquine resistance. Therefore, it is essential to start monitoring P. falciparum sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives and its partner drugs in Africa. Efficacy of AL and ASAQ were tested by carrying out an in vivo drug efficacy test, with an ex vivo study against six anti-malarial drugs nested into it. Results of the latter are reported here. METHODS: Plasmodium falciparum ex-vivo susceptibility to chloroquine (CQ), quinine (Q), lumefantrine (Lum), monodesethylamodiaquine (MDA), piperaquine (PPQ) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was investigated in children (6 months - 15 years) with a parasitaemia of at least ≥4,000/μl. The modified isotopic microtest technique was used. The results of cellular proliferation were analysed using ICEstimator software to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. RESULTS: DHA was the most potent among the 6 drugs tested, with IC50 values ranging from 0.8 nM to 0.9 nM (Geometric mean IC50 = 0.8 nM; 95% CI [0.8 - 0.9]). High IC50 values ranged between 0.8 nM to 166.1 nM were reported for lumefantrine (Geometric mean IC50 = 25.1 nM; 95% CI [22.4 - 28.2]). MDA and Q IC50s were significantly higher in CQ-resistant than in CQ-sensitive isolates (P = 0.0001). However, the opposite occurred for Lum and DHA (P < 0.001). No difference was observed for PPQ. CONCLUSION: Artemisinin derivatives are still very efficacious in Burkina Faso and DHA-PPQ seems a valuable alternative ACT. The high lumefantrine IC50 found in this study is worrying as it may indicate a decreasing efficacy of one of the first-line treatments. This should be further investigated and monitored over time with large in vivo and ex vivo studies that will include also plasma drug measurements

Stroke among the adult population of Burkina Faso: magnitude and trend

Background: Strokes are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years lost in the world. Most of incident and prevalent cases of strokes occur in low-income and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall trend of stroke prevalence and mortality among adults in Burkina Faso. Methods: This was an exhaustive document review of strokes using the Ministry of Health’s statistical yearbooks over an 11 years period. Patients aged 15 years or over were taken into consideration. The process of compiling statistical yearbooks takes place from the periphery to central level. The assessment of temporal trends was performed using linear equations. Results: From 2002 to 2012, the number of adult stroke consultations increased from 15,976 to 134,049. We noticed a clear increase in the number of hospitalized patients of both genders, from 523 in 2002 to 9,047 in 2012. Furthermore, we observed a regression of in-hospital mortality rates from 2004 onwards. Conclusions: In our study, we noted a substantial increase in the number of stroke cases requiring consultation and hospitalisation. In contrast, the mortality rate was decreasing.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Determinants of asymptomatic malaria risk among children under 5 years in Burkina Faso: A bayesian with spatial dependance approach

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Profile of drug use during pregnancy at peripheral health centres in Burkina Faso

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Safety Profile of Drug Use During Pregnancy at Peripheral Health Centres in Burkina Faso: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Safety data of many drugs used during pregnancy remain scarce. This is especially true in developing countries characterised by the absence of a robust pharmacovigilance system, high prevalence of different tropical diseases affecting patients and potential for drug-drug interactions. This study aimed to assess the safety profile of drugs used in women at high risk of malaria during pregnancy and delivery in Burkina Faso's health facilities. It also aimed to assess factors associated with the use of potentially risky drugs over the entire course of pregnancy.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Prognostic Factors of the Lethality of Stroke at the Sourô Sanou University Teaching Hospital of Burkina Faso

Introduction: Stroke is a major public health concern. It is a frequent pathology, 80% of which is of ischemic origin. Approximately 86% of all stroke deaths worldwide occur in low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to investigate prognostic factors for in hospital lethality of stroke cases admitted in a public university hospital in Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study with a descriptive and analytical aim on adults admitted for a stroke confirmed by a brain scan at the Sourô Sanou University Teaching Hospital (CHUSS) of Bobo-Dioulasso over the period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013. Results: The proportion of cases confirmed by the brain CT scan was 32% of all patients admitted for stroke in the CHUSS. The overall case fatality was 27.6%. This lethality was more pronounced in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (35.8%) compared to patients with ischemic stroke (22.4%). Median survival was higher in patients with ischemic stroke than those with hemorrhagic one (36 and 25 days, respectively) with a statistically significant difference (p value = 0.001). In multivariate analysis and hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.25; CI 95%: 1.41-3.61), an altered state of consciousness (HR: 1.90; CI 95%: 1.20-2.99) and the presence of central facial paralysis (HR: 1.67; CI 95%: 1.04-2.67) are factors that increased significantly the lethality. Conclusion: The study has identified three prognostic factors of lethality that are the hemorrhagic stroke type, the altered state of consciousness, and the central facial paralysis. Given the high case fatality, it is important to develop and implement effective prevention and management strategies adapted to the resources for the optimal control of stroke in Africa.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Meningococcal Seroepidemiology 1 Year After the PsA-TT Mass Immunization Campaign in Burkina Faso

International audienceBACKGROUND:A group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (MenAfriVac), was introduced in Burkina Faso via mass campaigns between September and December 2010, targeting the 1- to 29-year-old population. This study describes specific antibody titers in the general population 11 months later and compares them to preintroduction data obtained during 2008 using the same protocol.METHODS:During October-November 2011, we recruited a representative sample of the population of urban Bobo-Dioulasso aged 6 months to 29 years, who underwent standardized interviews and blood draws. We assessed anti-MenA immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations (n = 200) and, using rabbit complement, serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers against 2 group A strains: reference strain F8238 (SBAref) (n = 562) and strain 3125 (SBA3125) (n = 200).RESULTS:Among the 562 participants, 481 (86%) were aged ≥23 months and had been eligible for the PsA-TT campaign. Among them, vaccine coverage was 86.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.7%-89.9%). Prevalence of putatively protective antibodies among vaccine-eligible age groups was 97.3% (95% CI, 95.9%-98.7%) for SBAref titers ≥128, 83.6% (95% CI, 77.6%-89.7%) for SBA3125 ≥128, and 84.2% (95% CI, 78.7%-89.7%) for anti-MenA IgG ≥2 µg/mL. Compared to the population aged 23 months to 29 years during 2008, geometric mean titers of SBAref were 7.59-fold higher during 2011, 51.88-fold for SBA3125, and 10.56-fold for IgG.CONCLUSIONS:This study shows high seroprevalence against group A meningococci in Burkina Faso following MenAfriVac introduction. Follow-up surveys will provide evidence on the persistence of population-level immunity and the optimal vaccination strategy for long-term control of MenA meningitis in the African meningitis belt

Antibody Persistence at the Population Level 5 Years After Mass Vaccination With Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine (PsA-TT) in Burkina Faso: Need for a Booster Campaign?

BACKGROUND: In Burkina Faso, serogroup A meningococcal (NmA) conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT, MenAfriVac) was introduced through a mass campaign in children and adults in December 2010. Similar to a serological survey in 2011, we followed population-level antibody persistence for 5 years after the campaign and estimated time of return to previously-published pre-vaccination levels. METHODS: We conducted 2 cross-sectional surveys in 2013 and early 2016, including representative samples (N = 600) of the general population of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Serum bactericidal antibody titers (rabbit complement) were measured against NmA reference strain F8236 (SBA-ref), NmA strain 3125 (SBA-3125), and NmA-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. RESULTS: During the 2016 survey, in different age groups between 6 and 29 years, the relative changes in geometric means compared to 2011 values were greater among younger age groups. They were between -87% and -43% for SBA-ref; -99% and -78% for SBA-3125; and -89% and -63% for IgG. In linear extrapolation of age-specific geometric means from 2013 to 2016, among children aged 1-4 years at the time of the PsA-TT campaign, a return to pre-vaccination levels should be expected after 12, 8, and 6 years, respectively, according to SBA-ref, SBA-3125, and IgG. Among older individuals, complete return to baseline is expected at the earliest after 11 years (SBA-ref and SBA-3125) or 9 years (IgG). CONCLUSIONS: Based on SBA-3125, a booster campaign after 8 years would be required to sustain direct immune protection for children aged 1-4 years during the PsA-TT campaign. Antibodies persisted longer in older age groups.Meningitis Research Foundatio