エコツーリズム ニオケル チキュウ カンキョウ ホゼン ノ ヤクワリ オキナワケン イシガキジマ ニオケル WWF シラホ サンゴムラ タイケン ツアー オ ジレイ トシテ

日本におけるエコツーリズムと地域の環境保全の接点について考察した。エコツーリズムとは,地域固有の自然及び地域資源を観光資源とした観光形態であり,地域の経済及び社会に有益であり,さらに,何らかの手立てによって地域資源の保護・保全にも貢献することが期待できるものであると定義できる。そして,エコツーリズムに関わる主体に注目し,主体間において「自然」について共通理解することが,エコツーリズムが環境保全に貢献する旅行形態となるために必要な条件だと考えた。このことは,エコツーリズムの事例として取り上げた第4回WWFしらほサンゴ村体験ツアーの検討からも支持された。「よそ者」であるサンゴ村と地域住民との間の地域の自然環境についての共通理解が重要な要素であることが示された。We discussed the role of ecotourism on the conservation of local environments. Ecotourism is defined as a tour which depends on the characteristic nature of a region, is useful for local economics and/or society, and contributes to the conservation of local resources. We focused on the subjects which are concerned with ecotourism. We concluded that a common understanding for nature among subjects is necessary for the contribution of ecotourism on the conservation of local environment. This is also supported by the analysis of the tour at Shiraho-sango-mura considered as a case of ecotourism. The common understanding for the natural environment between a staff of Sango-mura (Yosomono=a stranger) and local citizens is indicated as an important factor

Renal tubular Sirt1 attenuates diabetic albuminuria by epigenetically suppressing Claudin-1 overexpression in podocytes

Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a NAD[superscript +]-regulated deacetylase with numerous known positive effects on cellular and whole-body metabolism, is expressed in the renal cortex and medulla. It is known to have protective effects against age-related disease, including diabetes. Here we investigated the protective role of Sirt1 in diabetic renal damage. We found that Sirt1 in proximal tubules (PTs) was downregulated before albuminuria occurred in streptozotocin-induced or obese (db/db) diabetic mice. PT-specific SIRT1 transgenic and Sirt1 knockout mice showed prevention and aggravation of the glomerular changes that occur in diabetes, respectively, and nondiabetic knockout mice exhibited albuminuria, suggesting that Sirt1 in PTs affects glomerular function. Downregulation of Sirt1 and upregulation of the tight junction protein Claudin-1 by SIRT1-mediated epigenetic regulation in podocytes contributed to albuminuria. We did not observe these phenomena in 5/6 nephrectomized mice. We also demonstrated retrograde interplay from PTs to glomeruli using nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from conditioned medium, measurement of the autofluorescence of photoactivatable NMN and injection of fluorescence-labeled NMN. In human subjects with diabetes, the levels of SIRT1 and Claudin-1 were correlated with proteinuria levels. These results suggest that Sirt1 in PTs protects against albuminuria in diabetes by maintaining NMN concentrations around glomeruli, thus influencing podocyte function.Japan. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grant 22790800