Регулювання імунітету суддів Конституційного суду України та країн СНД: порівняльно-правовий аналіз

Кожевников, А. Ю. Регулювання імунітету суддів конституційного суду України та країн СНД: порівняльно-правовий аналіз / А. Ю. Кожевников // Право і Безпека. - 2009. - № 2. - С. 20-24.У статті проведено порівняльно-правовий аналіз практики нормативного регулювання імунітету суддів Конституційного Суду України і країн СНД. Запропоновано низку теоретичних висновків та практичних рекомендацій, які спрямовані на вдосконалення правової основи забезпечення недоторканності суддів Конституційного Суду України. В статье проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ практики нормативного регулирования иммунитета судей Конституционного Суда Украины и стран СНГ. Предложен ряд теоретических выводов и практических рекомендаций, которые направлены на усовершенствования правовой основы обеспечения неприкосновенности судей Конституционного Суда Украины. In the article comparative-legal analysis of practice of normative regulation of Constitutional Court of Ukraine and CIS judges immunity is made, it is proposed some theoretical conclusions and practical recommendations for improvement of legal basis of ensuring Constitutional Court of Ukraine judges immunit

Diabetic retinopathy: history, modern approaches to management, prospective views of prevention and treatment

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As DR progresses, it could be complicated with a significant decrease or complete loss of vision. It is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population and, according to global estimates, occurs in one in every three patients with diabetes. DR has been studied for more than 160 years, and the implementation of retinal laser coagulation into clinical practice in the 20th century, and then vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors in the 21th century, allowed us to influence vascular proliferation in DR and reduce the risk of vision loss from diabetic macular oedema (DME). However, these tools can only stop the progression of DR at the stages with risk of complications with vision loss, and prevention – screenings and the impact on risk factors (hyperglycaemia, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia) – remains as the main method of management of DR. Possible new risk factors (hypodynamy, obesity, body weight deficiency, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) attract a lot of attention, and there is ongoing research for early markers of DR in the fundus, which could allow more active influence on the pathological process in its early stages. This review focuses on epidemiology, history of research, proven and possible risk factors, and current and promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of DR, including accurate, less traumatic laser techniques (PASCAL, NAVILAS, and D-MPL), and intravitreal antiangiogenic drugs in studies

Electronic structure of new quaternary superconductors LaONiBi and LaOCuBi from first principles

Based on first-principles FLAPW-GGA calculations, we have investigated the electronic structure of newly synthesized novel superconductors LaONiBi and LaOCuBi, the first bismuth-containing compounds from the family of quaternary oxypnictides which attract now a great deal of interest in search for novel 26-55K superconductors. The band structure, density of states and Fermi surfaces are discussed. Our results indicate that the bonding inside of the (La-O) and (Ni(Cu)-Bi) layers is covalent whereas the bonding between the (La-O) and (Ni(Cu)- Bi) blocks is mostly ionic. For both oxybismuthides, the DOSs at the Fermi level are formed mainly by the states of the (Ni(Cu)-Bi) layers, the corresponding Fermi surfaces have a twodimensional character and the conduction should be strongly anisotropic andhappen only on the (Ni(Cu)-Bi) layers. As a whole, the new oxybismuthides may be described as low-TC superconducting non-magnetic ionic metals.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Nonlocal effects in the shot noise of diffusive superconductor - normal-metal systems

A cross-shaped diffusive system with two superconducting and two normal electrodes is considered. A voltage $eV < \Delta$ is applied between the normal leads. Even in the absence of average current through the superconducting electrodes their presence increases the shot noise at the normal electrodes and doubles it in the case of a strong coupling to the superconductors. The nonequilibrium noise at the superconducting electrodes remains finite even in the case of a vanishingly small transport current due to the absence of energy transfer into the superconductors. This noise is suppressed by electron-electron scattering at sufficiently high voltages.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, 2 eps figure

Enhanced Spin Dependent Shot Noise in Magnetic Tunnel Barriers

We report the observation of enhanced spin dependent shot noise in magnetic tunnel barriers, suggesting transport through localized states within the barrier. This is supported by the existence of negative magnetoresistance and structure in the differential conductance curves. A simple model of tunneling through two interacting localized states with spin dependent tunneling rates is used to explain our observations.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physica E (proceedings of the seminar on Quantum Coherence, Noise and Decoherence in Nanostructures

Non-equilibrium current noise in mesoscopic disordered SNS junctions

Current noise in superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) junctions is calculated within the scattering theory of multiple Andreev reflections (MAR). It is shown that the noise exhibits subharmonic gap singularities at $eV=2\Delta/n$, $n=1,2,...$ both in single-mode junctions with arbitrary transparency $D$ and in multi-mode disordered junctions. The subharmonic structure is superimposed with monotonic increase of the effective transferred charge $q^*=S_I(0)/2I$ with decreasing bias voltage. Other features of the noise include a step-like increase of $q^*$ in junctions with small $D$, and a divergence $S_I(0) \propto V^{-1/2}$ at small voltages and excess noise $S_{ex} = 2eI_{ex}$, where $I_{ex}$ is the excess current, at large voltages, in junctions with diffusive transport.Comment: 5 page

Coulomb Parameter U and Correlation Strength in LaFeAsO

First principles constrained density functional theory scheme in Wannier functions formalism has been used to calculate Coulomb repulsion U and Hund's exchange J parameters for iron 3d electrons in LaFeAsO. Results strongly depend on the basis set used in calculations: when O-2p, As-4p, and Fe-3d orbitals and corresponding bands are included, computation results in U=3-4 eV, however, with the basis set restricted to Fe-3d orbitals and bands only, computation gives parameters corresponding to F^0=0.8 eV, J=0.5 eV. LDA+DMFT (the Local Density Approximation combined with the Dynamical Mean-Field Theory) calculation with this parameters results in weakly correlated electronic structure that is in agreement with X-ray experimental spectra

Rho primes in analyzing e+e- annihilation, MARK III, LASS and ARGUS data

The results of an analysis are presented of some recent data on the reactions $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ with the subtracted $\omega\pi^0$ events, $e^+e^-\to\omega\pi^0$, $e^+e^-\to\eta \pi^+\pi^-$, $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$, $K^-p\to\pi^+\pi^-\Lambda$, the decays $J/\psi\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, $tau^-\to\nu_tau\pi^+\pi^-\pi^-\pi^0$ $tau^-\to\nu_\tau\omega\pi^-$, upon taking into account both the strong energy dependence of the partial widths on energy and the previously neglected mixing of the $\rho$ type resonances. The above effects are shown to exert an essential influence on the specific values of masses and coupling constants of heavy resonances and hence are necessary to be accounted for in establishing their true nature.Comment: 20 pages, ReVTeX, 9 Postscript figures As compared to hep-ph/9607398, new material concerning the analysis of the ARGUS data on the tau decays into four pion hadronic states is adde