149 research outputs found
Nonperturbative renormalization group approach to Lifshitz critical behaviour
The behaviour of a d-dimensional vectorial N=3 model at a m-axial Lifshitz
critical point is investigated by means of a nonperturbative renormalization
group approach that is free of the huge technical difficulties that plague the
perturbative approaches and limit their computations to the lowest orders. In
particular being systematically improvable, our approach allows us to control
the convergence of successive approximations and thus to get reliable physical
quantities in d=3.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
A glassy phase in quenched disordered graphene and crystalline membranes
We investigate the flat phase of -dimensional crystalline membranes
embedded in a -dimensional space and submitted to both metric and curvature
quenched disorders using a nonperturbative renormalization group approach. We
identify a second order phase transition controlled by a finite-temperature,
finite-disorder fixed point unreachable within the leading order of
and expansions. This critical point divides the flow
diagram into two basins of attraction: that associated to the
finite-temperature fixed point controlling the long distance behaviour of
disorder-free membranes and that associated to the zero-temperature,
finite-disorder fixed point. Our work thus strongly suggests the existence of a
whole low-temperature glassy phase for quenched disordered graphene,
graphene-like compounds and, more generally, crystalline membranes.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Universal behaviors in the wrinkling transition of disordered membranes
The wrinkling transition experimentally identified by Mutz et al. [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 67, 923 (1991)] and then thoroughly studied by Chaieb et al. [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 96, 078101 (2006)] in partially polymerized lipid membranes is
reconsidered. One shows that the features associated with this transition,
notably the various scaling behaviors of the height-height correlation
functions that have been observed, are qualitatively and quantitatively well
described by a recent nonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) approach to
quenched disordered membranes by Coquand et al. [Phys. Rev E 97, 030102
(2018)]. As these behaviors are associated with fixed points of RG
transformations they are universal and should also be observed in, e.g.,
defective graphene and graphene-like materials.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, published versio
Varied Signature Splitting Phenomena in Odd Proton Nuclei
Varied signature splitting phenomena in odd proton rare earth nuclei are
investigated. Signature splitting as functions of and in the angular
momentum projection theory is explicitly shown and compared with those of the
particle rotor model. The observed deviations from these rules are due to the
band mixings. The recently measured Ta high spin data are taken as a
typical example where fruitful information about signature effects can be
extracted. Six bands, two of which have not yet been observed, were calculated
and discussed in detail in this paper. The experimentally unknown band head
energies are given
Phase transition of triangulated spherical surfaces with elastic skeletons
A first-order transition is numerically found in a spherical surface model
with skeletons, which are linked to each other at junctions. The shape of the
triangulated surfaces is maintained by skeletons, which have a one-dimensional
bending elasticity characterized by the bending rigidity , and the surfaces
have no two-dimensional bending elasticity except at the junctions. The
surfaces swell and become spherical at large and collapse and crumple at
small . These two phases are separated from each other by the first-order
transition. Although both of the surfaces and the skeleton are allowed to
self-intersect and, hence, phantom, our results indicate a possible phase
transition in biological or artificial membranes whose shape is maintained by
cytoskeletons.Comment: 15 pages with 10 figure
A Topological Glass
We propose and study a model with glassy behavior. The state space of the
model is given by all triangulations of a sphere with nodes, half of which
are red and half are blue. Red nodes want to have 5 neighbors while blue ones
want 7. Energies of nodes with different numbers of neighbors are supposed to
be positive. The dynamics is that of flipping the diagonal of two adjacent
triangles, with a temperature dependent probability. We show that this system
has an approach to a steady state which is exponentially slow, and show that
the stationary state is unordered. We also study the local energy landscape and
show that it has the hierarchical structure known from spin glasses. Finally,
we show that the evolution can be described as that of a rarefied gas with
spontaneous generation of particles and annihilating collisions
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in a case of Danon disease
Danon disease is a rare X-linked dominant lysosomal glycogen storage disease that can lead to severe ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. We report a case of Danon disease with cardiac involvement evaluated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance, including late gadolinium enhancement and perfusion studies
Phase transition of meshwork models for spherical membranes
We have studied two types of meshwork models by using the canonical Monte
Carlo simulation technique. The first meshwork model has elastic junctions,
which are composed of vertices, bonds, and triangles, while the second model
has rigid junctions, which are hexagonal (or pentagonal) rigid plates.
Two-dimensional elasticity is assumed only at the elastic junctions in the
first model, and no two-dimensional bending elasticity is assumed in the second
model. Both of the meshworks are of spherical topology. We find that both
models undergo a first-order collapsing transition between the smooth spherical
phase and the collapsed phase. The Hausdorff dimension of the smooth phase is
H\simeq 2 in both models as expected. It is also found that H\simeq 2 in the
collapsed phase of the second model, and that H is relatively larger than 2 in
the collapsed phase of the first model, but it remains in the physical bound,
i.e., H<3. Moreover, the first model undergoes a discontinuous surface
fluctuation transition at the same transition point as that of the collapsing
transition, while the second model undergoes a continuous transition of surface
fluctuation. This indicates that the phase structure of the meshwork model is
weakly dependent on the elasticity at the junctions.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy
BACKGROUND: The self-help groups Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are very well established. AA and NA employ a 12-step program and are found in most large cities around the world. Although many have argued that these organizations are valuable, substantial scepticism remains as to whether they are actually effective. Few treatment facilities give clear recommendations to facilitate participation, and the use of these groups has been disputed. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of self-help groups after addiction treatment is associated with higher rates of abstinence. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients, 59 with alcohol dependency and 55 with multiple drug dependency, who started in self-help groups after addiction treatment, were examined two years later using a questionnaire. Return rate was 66%. Six (5%) of the patients were dead. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat-analysis showed that 38% still participated in self-help programs two years after treatment. Among the regular participants, 81% had been abstinent over the previous 6 months, compared with only 26% of the non-participants. Logistic regression analysis showed OR = 12.6, 95% CI (4.1–38.3), p < 0.001, for participation and abstinence. CONCLUSION: The study has several methodological problems; in particular, correlation does not necessarily indicate causality. These problems are discussed and we conclude that the probability of a positive effect is sufficient to recommend participation in self-help groups as a supplement to drug addiction treatment. PREVIOUS PUBLICATION: This article is based on a study originally published in Norwegian: Kristensen O, Vederhus JK: Self-help programs in drug addiction therapy. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2005, 125:2798–2801
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