137 research outputs found

    Using the Scale Software for Critical Analysis

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    This article shows the experience of using the SCALE software package (hereinafter SCALE) to analyze the criticality of critical benchmark experiments.Β This experience was obtained during the familiarization of SCALE for research purposes on the basis of the Department of Nuclear Physics and Technologies (DNPaT) of the IATE MEPhI. Test calculations of the effective multiplication factor ( ) critical assemblies with different parameters was produced, research different method of calculate multigroup constants

    Vortex-free laser beam with an orbital angular momentum

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    We show that if one cylindrical lens is placed in the Gaussian beam waist and another cylindrical lens is placed at some distance from the first one and rotated by some angle, then the laser beam after the second lens has an orbital angular momentum (OAM). An explicit analytical expression for the OAM of such a beam is obtained. Depending on the inter-lens distance, the OAM can be positive, negative, or zero. Such a laser beam has no isolated intensity nulls with a singular phase and it is not an optical vortex, but has an OAM. By choosing the radius of the beam waist of the source Gaussian beam, the focal lengths of the lenses and the distance between them, it is possible to generate a vortex-free laser beam equivalent to an optical vortex with a topological charge of several hundreds.This work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant # 17-19-0118

    Controlling the orbital angular momentum of Gaussian vortices by shifting the point of phase singularity

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    A simple formula is obtained to describe the normalized orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a Gaussian beam after passing through a shifter spiral phase plate (SPP). The formula shows that while being equal to the topological charge at the zero off-axis shift, the OAM becomes fractional with increasing shift and it is tending to zero exponentially. Analytic expressions of the complex amplitude of the Gaussian beam having passed through the off-axis SPP show that as the beam propagates, the isolated intensity null moves from the initial point defined by the vector of the SPP's center shift along a straight line perpendicular to the said vector. Using a liquid crystal light modulator, crescent-shaped beams are experimentally generated.This work was supported by the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations (agreement No 007-Π“Π—/Π§3363/26) and funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), grant No. 17-19-01186

    Measurements of spin rotation parameter A in pion-proton elastic scattering at 1.62 GeV/c

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    The ITEP-PNPI collaboration presents the results of the measurements of the spin rotation parameter A in the elastic scattering of positive and negative pions on protons at P_beam = 1.62 GeV/c. The setup included a longitudinally-polarized proton target with superconductive magnet, multiwire spark chambers and a carbon polarimeter with thick filter. Results are compared to the predictions of partial wave analyses. The experiment was performed at the ITEP proton synchrotron, Moscow.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. To be published in Phys. Lett.

    Topological charge of a superposition of two Bessel-Gaussian beams

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    Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ тСорСтичСски ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρƒ супСрпозиции Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² БСссСля–Гаусса с Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ топологичСскими зарядами ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ мноТитСлями (Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ проСкциями Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²) топологичСский заряд Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ топологичСскому заряду Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° БСссСля–Гаусса, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ большС ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ. Если Ρƒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² БСссСля–Гаусса ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹, Ρ‚ΠΎ топологичСский заряд супСрпозиции Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ топологичСскому заряду Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° БСссСля–Гаусса, Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ большС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠ»ΡŒ вСсового коэффициСнта (большС ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ). Если ΠΈ мощности ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹, Ρ‚ΠΎ топологичСский заряд супСрпозиции Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ срСднСму арифмСтичСскому ΠΎΡ‚ топологичСских зарядов ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° БСссСля–Гаусса Π² супСрпозиции. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ условии, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сумма топологичСских зарядов ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² нСчётная, топологичСский заряд супСрпозиции Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΌ числом. Но Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ радиуса окруТности, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ рассчитываСтся топологичСский заряд, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ топологичСского заряда для Π²Ρ‹Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ случая Π½Π΅ получаСтся. ВмСсто ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ топологичСского заряда, получаСтся Ρ†Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΠΉ топологичСский заряд, мСньший ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…. ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСбольшой Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ†Π΅ Π² вСсовых коэффициСнтах топологичСский заряд супСрпозиции Π½Π΅ сохраняСтся: Π² Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ЀрСнСля топологичСский заряд Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…, Π° Π² дальнСй Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ – ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ топологичСского заряда ΠΎΡ‚ большСго ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ происходит Π½Π΅ скачком, Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ расстоянии. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ топологичСский заряд Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ. Here we show theoretically that a superposition of two Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beams with different topological charges (TC) and different scaling factors (radial components of the wave vectors) has the TC equal to that of the BG beam with the larger scaling factor. If the scaling factors of the BG beams are equal, then TC of the whole superposition equals TC of the BG beam with the larger (in absolute value) weight coefficient in the superposition (i.e. with larger power). If the constituent BG beams are also same-power, TC of the superposition equals the average TC of the two BG beams. Therefore, if the sum of TCs of both beams is odd, TC of the superposition is a half-integer number. In practice, however, TC is calculated over a finite radius circle and, hence, the half-integer TC for the degenerated case cannot be obtained. Instead of the half-integer TC, the lower of the two integer TCs is obtained. Numerical simulation reveals that if the weight coefficients in the superposition are slightly different, TC of the superposition is not conserved on propagation. In the near field and in the Fresnel diffraction zone, TC is equal to the highest TC of the two BG beams, while in the far field it is equal to the lower TC. What is more, TC changes its value from high to low not instantly, but continuously at some propagation distance. In the intermediate zone TC is fractional.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Российского Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-29-20003 Π² частях «РасчСт топологичСского заряда суммы Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π‘Π“Β» ΠΈ «ВопологичСский заряд супСрпозиции Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² БСссСля–Гаусса с ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ вСсовыми ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ коэффициСнтами»), Российского Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-19-00595 Π² частях Β«ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² случаС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ равСнства вСсовых коэффициСнтов»), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Π Π€ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… выполнСния Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎ ГосударствСнному заданию ЀНИЦ Β«ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β» РАН Π² части Β«Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» ΠΈ Β«Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β»

    Membranes with a boundary

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    We investigate the recently developed theory of multiple membranes. In particular, we consider open membranes, i.e. the theory defined on a membrane world volume with a boundary. We first restrict our attention to the gauge sector of the theory. We obtain a boundary action from the Chern-Simons terms. Secondly, we consider the addition of certain boundary terms to various Chern-Simons theories coupled to matter. These terms ensure the full bulk plus boundary action has the correct amount of supersymmetry. For the ABJM model, this construction motivates the inclusion of a boundary quartic scalar potential. The boundary dynamics obtained from our modified theory produce Basu-Harvey type equations describing membranes ending on a fivebrane. The ultimate goal of this work is to throw light on the theory of fivebranes using the theory of open membranes.Comment: 48 pages, Latex, v2 references adde

    Transformation of a high-order edge dislocation to optical vortices (spiral dislocations)

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    ВСорСтичСски ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ астигматичСскоС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ дислокации (прямой Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ интСнсивности) n-Π³ΠΎ порядка Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ фокусном расстоянии ΠΎΡ‚ цилиндричСской Π»ΠΈΠ½Π·Ρ‹ n оптичСских эллиптичСских Π²ΠΈΡ…Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ (Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дислокаций) с Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ топологичСским зарядом, располоТСнных Π½Π° прямой Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, пСрпСндикулярной ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ дислокации, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ корнями ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ‡Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π­Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π° n-Π³ΠΎ порядка. ΠžΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ дислокации с астигматичСской Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ n. We theoretically show that an astigmatic transformation of an nth-order edge dislocation (a zero-intensity straight line) produces n optical elliptical vortices (spiral dislocations) with unit topological charge at the double focal distance from the cylindrical lens, located on a straight line perpendicular to the edge dislocation, at points whose coordinates are the roots of an nth-order Hermite polynomial. The orbital angular momentum of the edge dislocation is proportional to the order n.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Российского Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-29-20003, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ «КомплСксная Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π° поля с ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ дислокациСй Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ фокусном расстоянии»), Российского Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-19-00595, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ Β«ΠžΡ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Β»), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Π Π€ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… выполнСния Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎ ГосударствСнному заданию ЀНИЦ Β«ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β» РАН (ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ Β«ΠœΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β»)

    Experimental investigation of the energy backflow in the tight focal spot

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    Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² с числовой Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΉ 0,95 Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° оптичСской оси Π² плоскости фокуса оптичСского вихря с топологичСским зарядом 2 Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π° Π½ΡƒΠ»ΡŽ для свСта с ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ поляризациСй ΠΈ нСнулСвая для свСта с Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ поляризациСй. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² послСднСм случаС Π½Π° оптичСской оси сущСствуСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ энСргии, являСтся Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° энСргии слабого локального максимума (пятна Араго), объясняСмого Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ прямого ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° энСргии Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 300 Π½ΠΌ (соотвСтствуСт Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρƒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° энСргии). Бравнивая числСнныС ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ распрСдСлСния интСнсивности, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° – ΠΎΠ½ Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ нулями интСнсивности. Для числовой Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ 0,95 ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ 532 Π½ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π²Π΅Π½ 300 Π½ΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ фокусировкС цилиндричСского Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠ° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ порядка Π»ΠΈΠ½Π·ΠΎΠΉ с числовой Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠΉ 0,95 Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ осСсиммСтричный ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ энСргии с ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ слабым максимумом Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ (пятно Араго). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ распрСдСлСниС ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ прямого ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° энСргии Π½Π° ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΉ области Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 300 Π½ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊ энСргии ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ являСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ присутствия ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° энСргии Π½Π° оптичСской оси. Using two identical microobjectives with a numerical aperture NA = 0.95, we experimentally demonstrate that the on-axis intensity near the tight focal spot of an optical vortex with a topological charge 2 is zero for right-handed circular polarization and nonzero for left-handed circular polarization. This serves to confirm that in the latter case there is a reverse energy flow on the optical axis, as testified by a very weak local maximum (the Arago spot) detected at the center of the measured energy flow distribution, caused by diffraction of the direct energy flow by a 300 nm circle (the diameter of a reverse energy flow tube). The comparison of numerical and experimental intensity distributions shows that it is possible to determine the diameter of the reverse energy flow "tube", which is equal to the distance between the adjacent intensity nulls. For NA = 0.95 and a 532 nm incident wavelength, the diameter of the on-axis reverse energy flow "tube" is measured to be 300 nm. It is also experimentally shown that when an optical beam with second-order cylindrical polarization is focused with a lens with NA = 0.95, there is a circularly symmetric energy flow in the focus with a very weak maximum in the center (the Arago spot), whose distribution is determined by diffraction of the direct energy flow by a 300 nm circular region, where the energy flow is reverse. This also confirms that in this case, there is a reverse energy flow on the optical axis.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Российского Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-19-00595) Π² части «ЭкспСримСнт ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² фокусС оптичСского вихря с ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ поляризациСй», Российского Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований (Π³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ 18-29-20003) Π² части «ЭкспСримСнт ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² фокусС поляризационного вихря Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ порядка» ΠΈ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ образования Π Π€ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… выполнСния Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎ ГосударствСнному заданию ЀНИЦ Β«ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β» РАН (соглашСниС 007-Π“Π—/Π§3363/26) Π² части Β«Π‘ΠΈΠ»Ρ‹, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° наночастицу Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ энСргии»

    Orbital angular momentum of structurally stable laser beams

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    For structurally stable laser beams whose amplitude can be represented as a finite sum of the Hermite-Gaussian functions with undefined weight coefficients, we obtain an analytical expression for the normalized orbital angular momentum (OAM) that is also expressed through finite sums of weight coefficients. It is shown that a certain choice of weight coefficients allows obtaining the maximal OAM, which is equal to the maximal index of the Hermite polynomial in the sum. In this case, the sum describes a single-ringed Laguerre-Gaussian beam with a topological charge equal to the maximal OAM and to the maximal order of the Hermite polynomial
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