Energetske potrebe človeštva skozi čas

The book (' The Energy Needs Of Humanity Through Time: From The Industrial Revolution To Type I Civilization') is about global consumption of energy and its impact on our planet. Energy demand is a quite dynamic phenomenon and depends heavily on technological development, which is particularly evident during industrial revolutions, which had improved the quality of life for the inhabitants, but lead to increase in energy consumption. However~the economic progress did not account for tangible physical limits of our planet, which manifested in rise in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and a rapid increase in average annual global temperature. The consequences of this type of behavior are clear – future global warming, rising sea levels and direct threat to vast, low-lying areas, as well as a rapid increase in the number and consequences of extreme weather events such as storms, prolonged rainfall, and the like. A path toward less energy intense future requires rapid reductions of fossil fuels usage but also a radical shift towards larger energy efficiency. The book is intended as a source of key data showing how we have arrived at the current state of energy consumption and understanding of climate change.Knjiga govori o globalni porabi energije in njenem vplivu na planet. Energetske potrebe so izrazito dinamičen pojav, ki je odvisen od tehnološkega razvoja, kar je najbolj opazno skozi industrijske revolucije, v katerih novi izdelki in tehnologije, ki načeloma izboljšujejo kakovost življenja prebivalcem, hkrati tudi povečujejo porabo energije. Ob vedno večjem gospodarskemu napredku ne upoštevamo fizikalnih omejitev našega planeta, zato narašča količina toplogrednih plinov v ozračju, razmeroma hitro se povečujejo povprečne letne temperature planeta. Posledice takšnega delovanja tudi v prihodnje so jasne – nadaljnje segrevanje planeta, porast gladine morja in neposredna ogroženost obširnih nižje ležečih območij, hitro povečevanje števila izjemnih vremenskih dogodkov z vse hujšimi posledicami, kot so viharji, dolgotrajna deževja in podobno. Prehod v energetsko manj intenzivno prihodnost zahteva hitro radikalno odpoved fosilnim gorivom, a tudi precejšnje znižanje porabe vse energije. Knjiga vsebuje ključne podatki, ki kažejo, kako smo prišli do današnje stopnje porabe energije in razumevanja podnebnih sprememb

Stres fraktura proksimalne tibije povezana s blagim osteoartritisom koljena: prikaz slučaja

Stress fractures are considered as multifactorial overuse injuries occurring in 0.3%-0.8% of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases, with rheumatoid arthritis being the most common underlying condition. Stress fractures can be classified according to the condition of the bone affected as: 1) fatigue stress fractures occurring when normal bone is exposed to repeated abnormal stresses; and 2) insufficiency stress fractures that occur when normal stress is applied to bone weakened by an underlying condition. Stress fractures are rarely associated with severe forms of knee osteoarthritis, accompanied with malalignment and obesity. We present a patient with a proximal tibial stress fracture associated with mild knee osteoarthritis without associated malalignment or obesity. Stress fracture should be considered when a patient with osteoarthritis presents with sudden deterioration, severe localized tenderness to palpation and localized swelling or periosteal thickening at the pain site and elevated local temperature. The diagnosis of stress fractures in patients with rheumatic diseases may often be delayed because plain film radiographs may not reveal a stress fracture soon after the symptom onset; moreover, evidence of a fracture may never appear on plain radiographs. Triple phase nuclear bone scans and magnetic resonance imaging are more sensitive in the early clinical course than plain films for initial diagnosis.Stres frakture kao sindromi prenaprezanja pojavljuju se u 0,3%-0,8% reumatoloških bolesnika udružene s već prisutnim reumatološkim bolestima, napose reumatoidnim artritisom. Sindromi prenaprezanja mogu se klasificirati prema stanju zahvaćene kosti kao: 1. sindromi prenaprezanja u užem smislu riječi koji nastaju kada je normalna kost izložena ponavljajućem abnormalnom opterećenju i 2. patološki sindromi prenaprezanja koji nastaju kada na kost oslabljenu patološkim procesom djeluje normalno ponavljajuće opterećenje. Stres frakture su u rijetkim slučajevima povezane s teškim oblicima osteoartritisa koljena, praćene patološkim otklonima osi opterećenja i pretilošću. U ovom radu predstavljamo bolesnika sa stres frakturom proksimalnog dijela tibije povezanom s blagim osteoratritisom koljena bez otklona koljenske osi ili pretilosti. Stres frakturu treba uzeti u obzir kada u bolesnika s osteoartritisom nastupi naglo pogoršanje bolesti, znatna lokalizirana osjetljivost na palpaciju, oteklina ili periostealno zadebljanje na bolnom mjestu te lokalno povišenje temperature. Dijagnoza stres frakture u bolesnika s reumatološkim bolestima često može biti odgođena, jer obične radiografske snimke ne mogu otkriti stres frakture nakon pojave prvih simptoma. Štoviše, dokaz frakture može izostati i na ponovljenim običnim rendgenskim snimkama. Scintigrafija kosti u 3 faze i magnetska rezonancija osjetljivije su metode u dijagnostici ranih promjena i metode su izbora za postavljanje početne dijagnoze

VARIETY OF RETAILING BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

U suvremenom poslovanju poduzeća, inovacije u poslovnim modelima predstavljaju ključnu odrednicu za kontinuirani rast i razvoj, te postizanje učinkovitosti i djelotvornosti. Stoga ne čudi činjenica da se svakim danom pojavljuju nove vrste i oblici inovacija u maloprodaji, kako u svijetu tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Cilj rada je prikazati aktualne inovacije u poslovnim modelima u maloprodaji, a koje se primjenjuju u svijetu i u Republici Hrvatskoj. U radu se detaljno opisuju inovacije u poslovnim modelima te se navode odabrani maloprodavači za svaki poslovni model, kao i njihov način primjene inovacija. Posebno su istaknuta glavna obilježja primjene i značaj vodećih inovacija u maloprodajnim poslovnim modelima u svijetu i u Republici Hrvatskoj.In global market conditions, retailing business model innovations present key factors that bring constant growth and development, as much as internal and external efficiency and effectiveness. As a consequence, there are constantly appearing new types and shapes of innovations in retailing business. The main purpose of this paper is to present actual retailing business model innovations that apply in global retail market and Croatia. It has also been described main innovations in business models and selected retailers that apply specific retailing business model innovations. The emphasis is on the main features and importance of leading retailing business model innovations in global economies and Croatia

(Ne)spoštovanje varstva osebnih podatkov – primer enotne upravne listine?

V davčnih (in carinskih) zadevah je zaradi občutljivih podatkov ključno načelo davčne tajnosti, kot ga določa Zakon o davčnem postopku, ki se uporablja od januarja 2007. To načelo določa režim obravnavanja osebnih in drugih podatkov, ki je v času sodobne, informacijske družbe postalo nadvse pomembno in občutljivo vprašanje. Cilj varovanja osebnih podatkov je predvsem preprečevanje neustavnih, nezakonitih in neupravičenih posegov v zasebnost in dostojanstvo posameznika kot dela t. i. podatkovne zasebnosti, zato je v splošnem družbenem interesu, da se osebni podatki obdelujejo zakonito in pošteno, hkrati pa ustrezno in po obsegu primerno namenu, za katerega se zbirajo in nadalje obdelujejo. Avtorji v tem prispevku prikazujejo primer nesorazmernih posegov v zasebnost posameznikov glede razkritja osebne identifikacijske številke v davčne namene (davčne številke), kjer je posamezen zavezanec z uporabo različnih pravnih poti in pobud na nadzorne državne organe uveljavil spremembo delovanja Carinske uprave RS po nezakonitem pravilniku o izpolnjevanju enotne upravne listine, izdanega na Ministrstvu za finance, ker je pravilnik nesorazmerno in protiustavno terjal med drugim tudi vpis davčne številke deklaranta in ne le stranke kot zavezanca

APPLICATION OF MODEL FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ASSORTMENT MANAGEMENT (OPTAS MODEL) IN RETAIL STORES IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

Rad se detaljno bavi fenomenom upravljanja asortimanom, obrađujući ga kao strateški proces koji se provodi na tržištu bezalkoholnih pića u Republici Hrvatskoj, kako bi trgovci i proizvođači učinkovitije iskorištavali maloprodajni potencijal u svrhu povećanja profitabilnosti na način da se optimalnom ponudom asortimana na najbolji način zadovolje potrebe potrošača. Model optimizacije upravljanja asortimanom (OPTAS model) primijenjen u ovom radu predstavlja rezultat višegodišnje istraživanja i implementacije upravljanja asortimanom na maloprodajnom mjestu. Rezultati provedenog empirijskog istraživanja pokazuju da se već i nakon djelomične implementacije “Modela optimizacije upravljanja asortimanom na maloprodajnom mjestu” značajno poboljšava uspješnost poslovanja. Stoga ovaj rad i u njemu prikazan Model može predstavljati učinkovit algoritam za implementaciju ove složene problematike u poslovnoj praksi.The main aim of this paper is to elaborate on assortment management as a strategic process that enables a more efficient use of store space in order to increase profitability. Such process is in the interest of both retailers and manufacturers in order to effectively use retail potential and increase profi tability in a way to offer an optimal range of assortment that will satisfy customers’ needs. This paper analyses the application of the model on the example of the soft drinks category in Croatia. The model for optimization of assortment management (OPTAS Model) represents a long term research effort which has finally been systematically applied in business practice. Data of the empirical research show that after only partial implementation of the OPTAS model, the business performance in the soft drinks category increased sharply. Therefore, this research and the Model used can be an efficient algorithm for the implementation of this complex challenge in business practice

Estimating Minimum Polycrystalline Aggregate Size for Macroscopic Material Homogeneity

ABSTRACT During severe accidents the pressure boundary of reactor coolant system can be subjected to extreme loadings, which might cause failure. Reliable estimation of the extreme deformations can be crucial to determine the consequences of severe accidents. Important drawback of classical continuum mechanics is idealization of inhomogenous microstructure of materials. Classical continuum mechanics therefore cannot predict accurately the differences between measured responses of specimens, which are different in size but geometrical similar (size effect). A numerical approach, which models elastic-plastic behavior on mesoscopic level, is proposed to estimate minimum size of polycrystalline aggregate above which it can be considered macroscopically homogeneous. The main idea is to divide continuum into a set of sub-continua. Analysis of macroscopic element is divided into modeling the random grain structure (using Voronoi tessellation and random orientation of crystal lattice) and calculation of strain/stress field. Finite element method is used to obtain numerical solutions of strain and stress fields. The analysis is limited to 2D models