Een autisme-vriendelijke school:Architectuur als eerste stap

Sinds 2017 is het in Nederland wettelijk verplicht dat elk gebouw met een publieke functie voor iedereen toegankelijk is. Echter, de barrières die schoolgaande leerlingen met autisme dagelijks ondervinden zijn vaak onzichtbaar, zoals teveel geluid, te fel licht, onduidelijke routes, te weinig zitplekken tijdens pauzes en een gebrek aan rustige of stille ruimtes. Autisme-vriendelijke architectuur streeft ernaar dat autistische leerlingen zich vrij kunnen bewegen, zich veilig en welkom voelen, en niet overprikkeld raken door de omgeving, zodat ook zij graag naar school gaan en met medeleerlingen kunnen socialiseren op momenten die daarvoor geschikt zijn. Om dit ideaal na te streven, beschrijven we in dit artikel een aantal aspecten vanuit architectonisch perspectief, zoals akoestiek en licht, toegewezen functies en gebieden, overgangszones en het schoolplein. Het creëren van een autisme-vriendelijke school begint bij de juiste architectuur van de fysieke ruimte, waarbij men zich moet realiseren dat alle leerlingen profijt hebben van de benodigde verbeteringen in de fysieke omgeving

Semantic web of building information: Cloud based ‘real world’ building data

Information required by practicing architects, engineers, construction managers, building operators, asset managers, owners, and users becomes more and more distributed, detailed, and richer. BIG DATA is on the rise and this trend will not stop. We rather expect that this trend will further accelerate in the upcoming years as;more and more sensor technologies will become widely available to access existing conditions in the built environment,more and more information streams will be combined for various purposes, e.g. mobile data access information to space use in order to evaluate wireless infrastructure performance but also to establish building use patterns in post-occupancy evaluations, advanced design tools will allow for more detailed data-driven simulation of an increasing number of design alternatives in shorter time spans, and participatory efforts will involve an ever larger number of specialists and non-specialists that all provide information that needs to be accounted for during design and construction planning.We expect that these will be key areas for research in the upcoming years. In this lighthouse project we made four important first steps to enable such research:3TU BIM Data RepositoryData format, standard, and dictionary mapInformation use and exchange processesAutomated indexing method

Automated classification of pre-defined movement patterns:A comparison between GNSS and UWB technology

Advanced real-time location systems (RTLS) allow for collecting spatio-temporal data from human movement behaviours. Tracking individuals in small areas such as schoolyards or nursing homes might impose difficulties for RTLS in terms of positioning accuracy. However, to date, few studies have investigated the performance of different localisation systems regarding the classification of human movement patterns in small areas. The current study aims to design and evaluate an automated framework to classify human movement trajectories obtained from two different RTLS: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Ultra-wideband (UWB), in areas of approximately 100 square meters. Specifically, we designed a versatile framework which takes GNSS or UWB data as input, extracts features from these data and classifies them according to the annotated spatial patterns. The automated framework contains three choices for applying noise removal: (i) no noise removal, (ii) Savitzky Golay filter on the raw location data or (iii) Savitzky Golay filter on the extracted features, as well as three choices regarding the classification algorithm: Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) or Support Vector Machine (SVM). We integrated different stages within the framework with the Sequential Model-Based Algorithm Configuration (SMAC) to perform automated hyperparameter optimisation. The best performance is achieved with a pipeline consisting of noise removal applied to the raw location data with an RF model for the GNSS and no noise removal with an SVM model for the UWB. We further demonstrate through statistical analysis that the UWB achieves significantly higher results than the GNSS in classifying movement patterns

School-Based Interventions for Increasing Autistic Pupils’ Social Inclusion in Mainstream Schools:A Systematic Review

School-based interventions for socially including autistic pupils in mainstream schools were systematically reviewed. Included interventions targeted at least one level of the school environment: the autistic children, the peers, the staff, and/or the physical environment, and assessed autistic pupils’ quantity and/or quality of social participation as outcome measures. Findings from 56 studies showed increased accessibility of school activities to autistic pupils, but the reciprocity and friendship between the autistic pupils and the peers were not necessarily improved. Moreover, limited interventions were available for modifying the physical environment. A more holistic strategy that moves the focus from individual children’s social skills to the larger context surrounding children, should be considered for a better inclusion of autistic children in school routine.</p

The impact of loose-parts-play on schoolyard social participation of children with and without disabilities:A case study

Background: Outdoor social participation in the school playground is crucial for children's socio-emotional and cognitive development. Yet, many children with disabilities in mainstream educational settings are not socially included within their peer group. We examined whether loose-parts-play (LPP), a common and cost-effective intervention that changes the playground play environment to enhance child-led free play, can promote social participation for children with and without disabilities. Method: Forty-two primary school children, out of whom three had hearing loss or autism, were assessed for two baseline and four intervention sessions. We applied a mixed-method design, combining advanced sensors methodology, observations, peer nominations, self-reports, qualitative field notes and an interview with the playground teachers. Results: Findings indicated for all children a decrease during the intervention in social interactions and social play and no change in network centrality. Children without disabilities displayed also an increase in solitude play and in the diversity of interacting partners. Enjoyment of LPP was high for all children, yet children with disabilities did not benefit socially from the intervention and became even more isolated compared with baseline level. Conclusions: Social participation in the schoolyard of children with and without disabilities did not improve during LPP in a mainstream setting. Findings emphasize the need to consider the social needs of children with disabilities when designing playground interventions and to re-think about LPP philosophy and practices to adapt them to inclusive settings and goals.</p

Enigma (skrivnost, uganka) BIM-a (Informacijskega modeliranja zgradb)

This position paper outlines a number of key questions concerning BIM (Building Information Modelling), as well as the arguments and the historical background behind them. These include the incomplete theory of BIM, the reasons for the emergence of understanding BIM as a panacea for all ills in AECO (architecture, engineering, construction and operation of buildings), the relation between BIM promise and BIM performance, some of the key misconceptions and misunderstandings concerning BIM, and fundamental concerns about what is assumed to be the future of BIM. The paper concludes by suggesting four themes for further discussion and research into the nature and future of BIM and of AECO computerization in general.Članek odpira številna ključna vprašanja v zvezi z BIM (Building Information Modelling), kot tudi argumente in zgodovinsko ozadje za njimi. Sem spadajo nepopolna teorija BIM-a, razlogi za nastanek razumevanja BIM-a kot rešitve za vse tegobe v AECO (arhitektura, inženirstvo, gradna in upravljanje zgradb), odnos med obljubo BIM-a in zmogljivostjo BIM-a, nekatere ključne napačne predstave in nesporazume v zvezi z BIM ter temeljne skrbi glede tega, kaj se domneva, da bo prihodnost BIM. Članek zaključuje s predlaganjem štirih tem za nadaljnjo razpravo in raziskovanje narave in prihodnosti BIM-a in informatizacije AECO nasploh

Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: management, processing and environmental assessment

Advances in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling: Management, Processing and Environmental Assessment is divided over three parts. Part One focuses on the management of construction and demolition waste, including estimation of quantities and the use of BIM and GIS tools. Part Two reviews the processing of recycled aggregates, along with the performance of concrete mixtures using different types of recycled aggregates. Part Three looks at the environmental assessment of non-hazardous waste. This book will be a standard reference for civil engineers, structural engineers, architects and academic researchers working in the field of construction and demolition waste