The impact of bisphenol a on thyroid function in neonates and children: A systematic review of the literature

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products that may have an adverse effect on several physiologic functions in children. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of BPA concentrations on thyroid function in neonates, children, and adolescents. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Only case–control, cross‐sectional, and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between Bisphenol A and thyroid function in neonates and children aged <18 years were included. Initially, 102 articles were assessed, which were restricted to 73 articles after exclusion of duplicates. A total of 73 articles were assessed by two independent researchers based on the title/abstract and the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the eligibility criteria, 18 full‐text articles were selected for further assessment. Finally, 12 full‐text articles were included in the present systematic review. Results: The presented studies offer data that suggest a negative correlation of BPA concentrations with TSH in children, a gender‐specific manner of action, and a potential effect on proper neurodevelopment. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to specific thyroid hormone concentrations and the effect on thyroid autoimmunity. Conclusion: The potential negative effect of BPA in the developing thyroid gland of children that may affect proper neurodevelopment, suggesting the need to focus future research on designing studies that elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the effects of BPA in thyroid function in early life. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article

Bisphenol A and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review of the literature

Purpose: Bisphenol A is a chemical compound related to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The purpose of the present systematic review is to summarize the current knowledge in the field. Materials and methods: We systematically searched the Medline (1966–2017), Scopus (2004–2017), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008–2017), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999–2017) databases. Results: Thirty-five studies were included in the present systematic review. According to our findings, BPA has a direct negative impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, including birthweight, rates of preterm birth, developmental defects, and recurrent miscarriage. Data in the field of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus remain inconclusive because current research is very limited. Conclusions: BPA exposure during pregnancy can result in significant antenatal pathology; hence, occupational exposure should be at least discouraged during this period. However, cross-sectional studies in the field that would assess the levels of exposure at timely intervals are still lacking, therefore, the actual impact of BPA remains unclear. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group