36 research outputs found
Enzymatic Glucose Based Bio batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next Generation Devices
[EN] This article consists of a review of the main concepts and paradigms established in the field of biological fuel cells or biofuel cells. The aim is to provide an overview of the current panorama, basic concepts, and methodologies used in the field of enzymatic biofuel cells, as well as the applications of these bio-systems in flexible electronics and implantable or portable devices. Finally, the challenges needing to be addressed in the development of biofuel cells capable of supplying power to small size devices with applications in areas related to health and well-being or next-generation portable devices are analyzed. The aim of this study is to contribute to biofuel cell technology development; this is a multidisciplinary topic about which review articles related to different scientific areas, from Materials Science to technology applications, can be found. With this article, the authors intend to reach a wide readership in order to spread biofuel cell technology for different scientific profiles and boost new contributions and developments to overcome future challenges.Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, through the State Program for Talent and Employability Promotion 2013-2016 by means of Torres Quevedo research contract in the framework of Bio2 project (PTQ-14-07145) and from the Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial-IVACE-GVA (BioSensCell project)Buaki-Sogo, M.; GarcĂa-Carmona, L.; Gil AgustĂ, MT.; Zubizarreta Saenz De Zaitegui, L.; GarcĂa Pellicer, M.; Quijano-Lopez, A. (2020). Enzymatic Glucose Based Bio batteries: Bioenergy to Fuel Next Generation Devices. Topics in Current Chemistry (Online). 378(6):1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-020-00312-8S1283786Schlögl R (2015) The revolution continues: Energiewende 2.0. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:4436â4439Mitcheson PD, Yeatman EM, Rao GK, Holmes AS, Green TC (2008) Energy harvesting from human and machine motion for wireless electronic devices. Proc IEEE 96(9):1457â1486Wang ZL, Wu W (2012) Nanotechnology-enabled energy harvesting for self-powered micro-/nanosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:11700-11721Lamy C, Lima A, LeRhun V, Delime F, Coutanceau C, LĂ©ger J-M (2002) Recent advances in the development of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC). J Power Sources 105:283Cheng X, Shi Z, Glass N, Zhang L, Zhang J, Song D, Liu Z-S, Wang H, Shen J (2007) A review of PEM hydrogen fuel cell contamination: impacts, mechanisms, and mitigation. J Power Sources 165:739Boudghere Stambouli A, Traversa E (2002) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 6:433â455Qiao Y, Li CM (2011) Nanostructured catalyst in fuel cells. J Mater Chem 21:4027â4036Edwards PP, Kuznetsov VL, David WIF, Brandon NP (2008) Hydrogen and fuel cells: towards sustainable energy future. Energy Policy 36:4356â4362Kirubakaran A, Jain S, Nema RK (2009) A review on fuel cell technologies and power electronic interface. Renew Sustain Energy 13:2430â2440Kerzenmacher S, Ducree J, Zengerle R, von Stetten F (2008) An abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cell for powering medical implants: reconstructed manufacturing protocol and analysis of performance. J Power Sources 182:66â75Drake RF, Kusserow BK, Messinger S, Matsuda S (1970) A tissue implantable fuel cell power supply. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 16:199â205Giner J, Holleck G, Malachesky PA (1973) Eine implantierbare Brennstoffzelle zum Betrieb eines mechanischen Herzens. Phys Chem 77:782â783. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19730771009Cosnier S, LeGoff A, Holzinger M (2014) Towards glucose biofuel cells implanted in human body for powering artificial organs: review. Electrochem Commun 38:19â23Katz E (2015) Implantable biofuel cells operating in vivoâpotential power sources for bioelectronic devices. Bioelectron Med 2:1â12Bullen RA, Arnot TC, Lakeman JB, Walsh FC (2006a) Biofuel cells and their development . Biosens Bioelectron 21:2015â2045Cooney MJ, Svoboda V, Lau C, Martin G, Minteer SD (2008) Enzyme catalysed biofuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 1:320â337Cracknell JA, Vincent KA, Armstrong FA (2008) Enzymes as working or inspirational electrocatalysts for fuel cells and electrolysis. Chem Rev 108:2439â2461Sheldon RA (2007) Enzyme immobilization: the quest for optimum performance. Adv Synth Catal 349:1289â1307Bullen RA, Arnot TC, Lakeman JB, Walsh FC (2006b) Biofuel cells and their development. Biosens Bioelectron 21:2015â2045Koch C, Popiel D, Harnisch F (2014) Functional redundancy of microbial anodes fed by domestic wastewater. ChemElectroChem 1:1923â1931Mano N, Mao F, Heller A (2003) Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucoseâO2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant. J Am Chem Soc 125(21):6588â6594Mano N, Mao F, Heller A (2002) A miniature biofuel cell operating in a physiological buffer. J Am Chem Soc 124(44):12962â12963Bruen D, Delaney C, Florea L, Diamond D (2017) Glucose sensing for diabetes monitoring: recent developments. Sensors 17:1866Falk M, Blum Z, Shleev S (2012) Direct electron transfer based enzymatic fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 82:191â202White HB (1976) Coenzymes as fossils of an earlier metabolic state. J Mol Evol 7:101â104Broderick JB (2001) Coenzymes and cofactors. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester. https://www.els.net. https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0000631Sakurai T, Kataoka K (2007) Basic and applied features of multicopper oxidases, CueO, bilirubin oxidase, and laccase. Chem Rec 7:220â229Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L (2009) Glucose oxidaseâan overview. Biotech Adv 27:489â501Ferri S, Kojima K, Sode K (2011) Review of glucose oxidases and glucose dehydrogenases: a birdâs eye view of glucose sensing enzymes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 5:1068â1076Katz E, MacVittie K (2013) Implanted biofuel cells operating in vivoâmethods, applications and perspectivesâfeature article. Energy Environ Sci 6:2791â2803Ghindilis AL, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1997) Enzyme catalysed direct electron transfer: fundamentals and analytical applications. Electroanalysis 9:661â674Von Woedtke Th, Fisher U, Abel P (1994) Glucose oxidase electrodes: effect of H2O2 on enzyme activity? Biosens Bioelectron 9:65â71Kleppe K (1966) The effect of H2O2 on glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochemistry 5:139â143Zebda A, Godran C, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Cinquin P, Cosnier S (2011) Mediatorless high-power glucose biofuel cells based on compressed carbon nanotube-enzyme electrodes. Nat Commun 2:370Borenstein A, Hanna O, Attias R, Luski S, Brousse T, Aurbach D (2017) Carbon-based composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes: a review. J Mater Chem A 5:12653â12672Angione MD, Pilolli R, Cotrone S, Magliulo M, Mallardi A, Palazzo G, Sabbatini L, Fine D, Dodabalapur A, Lioffi N, Torsi L (2011) Carbon based nanomaterials for electronic bio-sensing. Mat Today 14:424â433Cha C, Shin SR, Annabi N, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A (2013) Carbon based nanomaterials: multifunctional materials for biomedical engineering. ACS Nano 7:2891â2897Wang Z, Dai Z (2015) Carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors: an overview. Nanoscale 7:6420â6431Jariwala D, Sangwan VK, Lauhon LJ, Marks TJ, Hersam MC (2013) Carbon nanomaterials for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and sensing. Chem Soc Rev 42:2824â2860Babadi AA, Bagheri S, Abdul Hamid SB (2016) Progress on implantable biofuel cell: nano-carbon functionalization for enzyme immobilization enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 15:850â860Osadebe I, Leech D (2014) Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on glucose oxidation by glucose oxidase or a flavin-dependent glucose dehydrogenase in redox-polymer-mediated enzymatic fuel cell anodes. ChemElectroChem 1:1988â1993Si P, Huang Y, Wang T, Ma J (2013) Nanomaterials for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. RSC Adv 3:3487â3502Putzbach W, Ronkainen NJ (2013) Immobilization techniques in the fabrication of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: a review. Sensors 13(4):4811â4840Walcarius A, Minteer SD, Wang J, Lin Y, Merkoçi A (2013) Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J Mater Chem B 1:4878â4908Datta S, Christena LR, Rajaram YRS (2013) Enzyme immobilization: an overview on techniques and support materials. 3 Biotech 3(1):1â9Ivanov I, VidakoviÄ-Koch T, Sundmaker K (2010) Recent advances in enzymatic fuel cells; experiments and modelling. Energies 3:803â846Nguyen HH, Kim M (2017) An overview of techniques in enzyme immobilization. Appl Sci Converg Technol 26(6):157â163Fu J, Reinhold J, Woodbury NW (2011) Peptide-modified surfaces for enzyme immobilization. PLoS One 6(4):e18692Lee DH, Park CH, Yeo JM, Kim SW (2006) Lipase immobilization on silica gel using a cross-linking method. J Ind Eng Chem 12(5):777â782SzymaĆska K, Bryjak J, JarzÄbski AB (2009) Immobilization of invertase on mesoporous silicas to obtain hyper active biocatalysts. Top Catal 52:1030â1036Al-Lolage F, Meneghello M, Ma S, Ludwig R, Barlett PN (2017) A flexible method for the stable, covalent immobilization of enzymes at electrode surfaces. ChemElectroChem 4:1528â1534Gutierrez-Sanchez C, Shleev S, De Lacey AL, Pita M (2015) Third-generation oxygen amperometric biosensor based on Trametes hirsuta laccase covalently bound to graphite electrode. Chem Pap 69:237â240Pita M, Gutierrez-Sanchez C, Toscano MD, Shleev S, De Lacey AL (2013) Oxygen biosensor based on bilirubin oxidase immobilized on a nanostructured gold electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 94:69â74Vaz-Dominguez C, Campuzano S, RĂŒdiger O, Pita M, Gorbacheva M, Shleev S, Fernandez VM, de Lacey LA (2008) Laccase electrode for direct electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O with high-operational stability and resistance to chloride inhibition. Biosens Bioelectron 24(4):531â537GutiĂ©rrez-SĂĄnchez C, Jia W, Beyl Y, Pita M, Schuhmann W, de Lacey LA, Stoica L (2012) Enhanced direct electron transfer between laccase and hierarchical carbon microfibers/carbon nanotubes composite electrodes. Comparison of three enzyme immobilization methods. Electrochim Acta 82:218â223Lv Y, Jin S, Wang Y, Lun Z, Xia C (2016) Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials in enzymatic glucose sensors. J Iran Chem Soc 13(10):1767â1776Zhao C, Gai P, Song R, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhu J-J (2017) Nanostructured material-based biofuel cells: recent advances and future prospects. Chem Soc Rev 46:1545â1564Yu EH, Scott K (2010) Enzymatic biofuel cellsâfabrication of enzyme electrodes. Energies 3:23â42Minteer SD, Atanassov P, Luckarift HR, Johnson GR (2013) New materials for biological fuel cells. Mater Today 15(4):166â173Sarma AK, Vatsyayan P, Goswami P, Minteer SD (2009) Recent advances in material science for developing enzyme electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 24:2313â2322Jesionowski T, Zdarta J, Krajewska B (2014) Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review. Adsorption 20:801â821Sardar M, Gupta MN (2005) Immobilization of tomato pectinase on Con A-Seralose 4B by bioaffinity layering. Enzyme Microbial Technol 37:355â359Sheldon RA (2011) Characteristic features and biotechnological applications of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 92:467â477Velasco-Lozano S, LĂłpez-Gallego F, Mateos-DĂaz JC, Favela-Torres E (2015) Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) in enzyme improvementâa review. Biocatalysis 1:166â177Cosnier S (1999) Biomolecule immobilization on electrode surfaces by entrapment or attachment to electrochemically polymerized films. A review. Biosen Bioelectron 14:443â456Heller A (1990) Electrical wiring of redox enzymes. Acc Chem Res 29:128â134Heller A (1992) Electrical connection of enzyme redox centres to electrodes. J Phys Chem 96:3579â3587Martins MVA, Pereira AR, Luz RAS, Iost RM, Crespilho FN (2014) Evidence of short-range electron transfer of a redox enzyme on graphene oxide electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:17426â17436Luz RAS, Pereira AR, de Souza JCP, Sales FCPF, Crespilho FN (2014) Enzyme biofuel cells: thermodynamics. Kinetics and challenges in applicability. ChemElectroChem 1(11):1751â1777Neto SA, De Andrade AR (2013) New energy sources: the enzymatic biofuel cell. J Braz Chem Soc 24(12):1891â1912Rapoport BI, Kedzierski JT, Sarpeshkar R (2012) A glucose fuel cell for implantable brainâmachine interfaces. PLoS One 7(6):6 e38436Zebda A, Alcaraz J-P, Vadgama P, Shleev S, Minteer SD, Boucher F, Cinquin P, Martin DK (2018) Challenges for successful implantation of biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 124:57â72Ferraris RP, Diamond J (1997) Regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Physiol Rev 77:257â301Sprague JE, ArbelĂĄez AM (2011) Glucose counterregulatory responses to hypoglicemia. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 9:463â475Slaughter G, Kulkarni T (2019) Detection of human plasma glucose using a self-powered glucose biosensor. Energies 12:825Rathee K, Dhull V, Dhull R, Singh S (2016) Biosensors based on electrochemical lactate detection: a comprehensive review. Biochem Biophys Rep 5:35â54Koushanpour A, Gamella M, Katz E (2017) A biofuel cell based on biocatalytic reactions of lactate on both anode and cathode electrodesâextracting electrical power from human sweat. Electroanalysis 29:1602â1611Yao Y, Li H, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C (2017) An electrochemiluminescence cloth-based biosensor with smartphone-based imaging for detection of lactate in saliva. Analyst 142:3715â3724Pankratov D, GonzĂĄlez-Arribas E, Blum Z, Shleev S (2016) Tear based bioelectronics. Electroanalysis 28:1250â1266Krogstad AL, Jansson PA, Gisslen P, Lönnroth P (1996) Microdialysis methodology for the measurement of dermal interstitial fluid in humans. Br J Dermatol 134(6):1005â1012Bandodkar AJ, Wang J (2016) Wearable biofuel cells: a review. Electroanalysis 28:1188â1200Jia W, ValdĂ©s-RamĂrez G, Bandodkar AJ, Windmiller JR, Wang J (2013) Epidermal biofuel cells: energy harvesting from human perspiration. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:1â5Jeerapan I, Sempionatto JR, Pavinatto A, You J-M, Wang J (2016) Stretchable biofuel cells as wearable textile-based self-powered sensors. J Mater Chem A 4:18342â18353ValdĂ©s-RamĂrez G, Li Y-G, Kima J, Jia W, Bandodkar AJ, Nuñez-Flores R, Miller PR, Wu S-Y, Narayan R, Windmiller JR, Polsky R, Wang J (2016) Microneedle-based self-powered glucose sensor. Electrochem Commun 47:58â62Gamella M, Koushanpour A, Katz E (2018) Biofuel cellsâactivation of micro- and macro- electronic devices. Bioelectrochemistry 119:33â42Mano N, Mao F, Shin W, Chen T, Heller A (2003) A miniature biofuel cell operating at 0.78 V. Chem Commun 20:518â519Shi B, Li Z, Fan Y (2018) Implantable energy harvesting devices. Adv Mater 30:1801511MacVittie K, HalĂĄmek J, HalĂĄmkovĂĄ L, Southcott M, Jemison WD, Lobel R, Katz E (2013) From âcyborgâ lobsters to a pacemaker powered by implantable biofuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 6:81â86Szczupak A, HalĂĄmek J, HalĂĄmkovĂĄ L, Bocharova V, Alfonta L, Katz E (2012) Living batteryâbiofuel cells operating in vivo in clams. Energy Environ Sci 5:8891â8895Southcott M, MacVittie K, HalĂĄmek J, HalĂĄmkovĂĄ L, Jemison WD, Lobel R, Katz E (2013) A pacemaker powered by an implantable biofuel cell operating under conditions mimicking the human blood circulatory systemâbattery not included. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:6278â6283MacVittie K, Conlon T, Katz E (2015) A wireless transmission system powered by an enzyme biofuel cell implanted in an orange. Bioelectrochemistry 106:28â33Aghahosseini H, Ramazani A, Asiabi PA, Gouranlou F, Hosseini F, Rezaei A, Min B-K, Joo SW (2016) Glucose-based biofuel cells: nanotechnology as a vital science in biofuel cell performance. Nanochem Res 1(2):83â204Zebda A, Cosnier S, Alcaraz J-P, Holzinger M, Le Goff A, Gondran C, Boucher F, Giroud F, Gorgy K, Lamraoui H, Cinquin P (2013) Single glucose biofuel cells implanted in rats power electronic devices. Sci Rep 2013:1516Ichi-Ribault SE, Alcaraz J-P, Boucher F, Boutaud B, Dalmolin R, Boutonnat J, Cinquin P, Zebda A, Martin DK (2018) Remote wireless control of an enzymatic biofuel cell implanted in a rabbit for 2 months. Electrochim Acta 269:360â366Bandodkar A (2017) Reviewâwearable biofuel cells: past, present and future. J Electrochem Soc 164(3):H3007âH3014Coman V, Ludwig R, Harreither W, Haltrich D, Gorton L, Ruzgas T, Shleev S (2010) A direct electron transfer-based glucose/oxygen biofuel cell operating in human serum. Fuel Cells 10(1):9â16Shoji K, Akiyama Y, Suzuki M, Nakamura N, Ohno H, Morishima K (2016) Biofuel cell backpacked insect and its application to wireless sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 78:390â395Reuillard B, Abreu C, Lalaoui N, Le Goff A, Holzinger M, Ondel O, Buret F, Cosnier S (2015) One-year stability for a glucose/oxygen biofuel cell combined with pH reactivation of the laccase/carbon nanotube biocathode. Bioelectrochemistry 106:73â76Sales FCPF, Iost RM, Martins MVA, Almeida MC, Crespilho FN (2013) An intravenous implantable glucose/dioxygen biofuel cell with modified flexible carbon fiber electrodes. Lab Chip 13:468Falk M, Narvez Villarrubia CW, Babanova S, Atanassov P, Shleev S (2013) Biofuel cells for biomedical applications: colonizing the animal kingdom. ChemPhysChem 14:2045â2058Rasmussen M, Ritzmann RE, Lee I, Pollack AJ, Scherson D (2012) An implantable biofuel cell for a live insect. J Am Chem Soc 134(3):1458â1460HalĂĄmkovĂĄ L, HalĂĄmek J, Bocharova V, Szczupak A, Alfonta L, Katz E (2012) Implanted biofuel cell operating in a living snail. J Am Chem Soc 134:5040â5043Cinquin P, Gondran C, Giroud F, Mazabrard S, Pellisier A, Boucher F, Alcaraz J-P, Gorgy K, Lenouvel F, MathĂ© S, Porcu P, Cosnier S (2010) A glucose biofuel cell implanted in rats. Plos One 5(5):e010476Chen C, Xie Q, Yang D, Xiao H, Fu Y, Tan S, Yao S (2013) Recent advances in electrochemical glucose biosensors: a review. RSC Adv 3:4473â4491Andoralov V, Falk M, Suyatin DB, Granmo M, Sotres J, Ludwig R, Popov VO, Schouenborg J, Blum Z, Shleev S (2013) Biofuel cell based on microscale nanostructured electrodes with inductive coupling to rat brain neuronsVerbeek MM, Leen WG, Willemsen MA, Slats D, Claassen JA (2016) Hourly analysis of cerebrospinal fluid glucose shows large diurnal fluctuations. J Cereb Blood F Met 36(5):899â902GonzĂĄlez-Guerrero MJ, Del Campo FJ, Esquivel JP, Leech D, SabatĂ© N (2017) Paper-based microfluidic biofuel cell operating under glucose concentrations within physiological range. Biosens Bioelectron 90:475â480Takeuchi ES, Leising RA (2002) Lithium batteries for biomedical applications. MRS Bull 27(8):624â627Bock DC, Marschilok A, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES (2012) Batteries used to power implantable biomedical devices. Electrochim Acta 84:155â164Greatbatch W, Lee JH, Mathias W, Eldridge M, Moser JR, Schneider AA (1971) The solid-state lithium battery: a new improved chemical power source for implantable cardiac pacemaker. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 18(5):317â324Liu Y, Dong S (2007) A biofuel cell with enhanced power output by grape juice. Electrochem Commun 9(7):1423â1427Choi S, Lee H, Ghaffari R, Hyeon T, Kim D-H (2016) Recent advances in flexible and stretchable bio-electronic devices integrated with nanomaterials. Adv Mater 28:4203â4218Zhou L, Mao J, Ren Y, Han ST, Roy VAL, Zhou Y (2018) Recent advances of flexible data storage devices based on organic nanoscale materials. Small 14(10):1703126Gwon H, Kim H-S, Lee KU, Seo D-H, Park YC, Lee Y-S, Ahn BT, Kong K (2011) Flexible energy storage devices based on graphene paper. Energy Environ Sci 4:1277â1283Pang C, Lee C, Suh K-Y (2013) Recent advances in flexible sensors for wearable and implantable devices. J Appl Pol Sci 130:1429â1441Bandodkar AJ, Wang J (2014) Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review. Trends Biotech 32(7):363â371Bandodkar AJ, Uia W, Wang J (2015) Tatto-based wearable electrochemical devices: a review. Electroanalysis 27(3):562â572Reid RC, Minteer SD, Gale BK (2015) Contact lens biofuel cell tested in a synthetic tear solution. Biosens Bioelectron 68:142Falk M, Andoralov V, Blum Z, Sotres J, Suyatin DM, Ruzgas T, Arnebrant T, Shleev S (2012) Biofuel cells as a power source for electronic contact lenses. Biosens Bioelectron 37(1):38â45Falk M, Andoralov V, Silow M, Toscano MD, Shleev S (2013) Miniature biofuel cell as a potential power source for Glucose-sensing contact lenses. Anal Chem 85(13):6342â6348Reid R, Jones SR, Hickey DP, Minteer SD, Gale BK (2016) Modeling carbon nanotubes connectivity and surface activity in a contact lens biofuel cell. Electrochim Acta 203:30â40Blum Z, Pankratov D, Shleev S (2014) Powering electronic contact lenses: current achievements, challenges and perspective. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 9(4):269â273Xiao X, Siepenkoetter T, Conghaile PĂ, Leech D, Magner E (2018) Nanoporous gold-based biofuel cell on contact lenses. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(8):7107â7116Yang X-Y, Tian G, Jiang N, Su B-L (2012) Immobilization technology: a sustainable solution for biofuel cell design. Ener Environ Sci 5:5540â5563Mano N (2019) Engineering glucose oxidase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 128:218â240Mate DM, Gonzalez-Perez D, Falk M, Kittl R, Pita M, De Lacey LA, Ludwig R, Shleev S, Alcalde M (2013) Blood tolerant caccase by directed evolution. Chem Biol 20:223â231Zhang L, Carucci C, Reculusa S, Goudeau B, Lefrançois P, Gounel S, Mano N, Kuhn A (2019) Rational design of enzyme-modified electrodes for optimized bioelectrocatalytic activity. ChemElectroChem 6(19):4980â4984Arechederra MN, Addo PK, Minteer SD (2011) Poly(neutral red) as a NAD+ reduction catalyst and a NADH oxidation catalyst: towards the development of a rechargeable biobattery. Electrochim Acta 56:1585Yang Y, Wang ZL (2015) Hybrid energy cells for simultaneously harvesting multi-types of energies. NanoEnergy 14:245â256Hansen BJ, Liu Y, Yang R, Wang ZL (2010) Hybrid nanogenerator for concurrently harvesting biomechanical and biochemical energy. ACS Nano 4:3647Song K, Han JH,