1 research outputs found
Biochemical Gas Sensors (Biosniffers) Using Forward and Reverse Reactions of Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Breath Isopropanol and Acetone as Potential Volatile Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus
This study describes two biosniffers
to determine breath acetone
and isopropanol (IPA) levels and applies them for breath measurement
in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Secondary alcohol dehydrogenase
(S-ADH) can reduce acetone and oxidize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NADH to NAD<sup>+</sup>) in a weak acid environment. NADH can be
excited by 340 nm excitation lights and subsequently emit 490 nm fluorescence.
Therefore, acetone can be measured by the decrease in NADH fluorescence
intensity. S-ADH can also oxidize IPA and reduce NAD<sup>+</sup> to
NADH when it is in an alkaline environment. Thus, IPA can be detected
by the increase of fluorescence. The developed biosniffers show rapid
response, high sensitivity and high selectivity. The breath acetone
and IPA analysis in healthy subjects shows that the mean values were
750.0 ± 434.4 ppb and 15.4 ± 11.3 ppb. Both acetone and
IPA did not show a statistical difference among different genders
and ages. The breath acetone analysis for diabetic patients shows
a mean value of 1207.7 ± 689.5 ppb, which was higher than that
of healthy subjects (<i>p</i> < 1 × 10<sup>–6</sup>). In particularly, type-1 diabetic (T1D) patients exhaled a much
higher concentration of acetone than type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients
(<i>p</i> < 0.01). The breath IPA also had a higher concentration
in diabetic patients (23.1 ± 20.1 ppb, <i>p</i> <
0.01), but only T2D patients presented a statistical difference (23.9
± 21.3 ppb, <i>p</i> < 0.01). These findings are
worthwhile in the study of breath biomarkers for diabetes mellitus
diagnosis. Additionally, the developed biosniffers provide a new technique
for volatolomics research